tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-42581282063430245912023-06-20T21:47:47.708-07:00Personalized writing paperWrite My Research Paperalexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-12561518744822022912020-08-23T01:45:00.001-07:002020-08-23T01:45:09.925-07:00Modern Management Chapter free essay sample alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-89026841981678717092020-08-21T23:27:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:27:33.672-07:00STUDY OF FAMILY INTERACTION LEAD TO NEW UNDERSTANDING OF ABUSIVE PARENInvestigation OF FAMILY INTERACTION LEAD TO NEW UNDERSTANDING OF ABUSIVE PARENTS Researchers at the University of Toronto have stepped toward delivering a profile of an injurious parent. Prof. Gary Walters and doctoral understudy Lynn Oldershaw of the Department of Psychology have built up a framework to portray guardians who truly misuse their kids. This could at last permit social help experts to distinguish guardians in kid misuse. In the course of the most recent five years, Walters and Oldershaw, in a joint effort with Darlene Hall of the West End Creche, have analyzed more than 100 moms and their three to six-year-old kids who have been truly mishandled. In the research facility, the mother and youngster go through 30 minutes in organized exercises, for example, playing, gobbling and tidying up. The family cooperation is video-taped and later broke down. The analysts have built up a framework which permits them to record the viability of child rearing aptitudes. They are especi ally keen on disciplinary systems since misuse most regularly happens when the parent needs the kid to consent. It's an issue of attempting to figure out which sort of parent produces which kind of kid or which sort of youngster evokes which kind of parental conduct, clarifies Oldershaw. Because of their work, Walters and Oldershaw have recognized unmistakable classifications of oppressive guardians and their kids. 'Unforgiving/nosy' moms are too much brutal and continually badger their youngster to carry on. Regardless of the way that these moms mortify and oppose their youngster, there are times when they embrace, kiss or address them energetically. This sort of mothering produces a forceful, rebellious kid. An 'incognito/unfriendly' mother shows no positive emotions towards her youngster. She makes explicit assaults on the kid's self-esteem and denies him fondness or consideration. As far as it matters for him, the kid attempts to connect with his mom's consideration and win her endorsement. A 'genuinely isolates' mother has next to no contribution with her youngster. She seems discouraged and uninterested in the kid's exercises. The offspring of this kind of mother shows no qualities which set him apart from other youngsters. So as to assemble a child rearing profile, the two analysts look at the mother/kid collaboration and their recognition and sentiments. For example, Walters and Oldershaw consider the mother's feeling of herself as a parent and her impression of her kid. The analysts likewise attempt to decide the kid's view of oneself and of the parent. Damaging guardians are regularly accepted to have insufficient child rearing aptitudes and are alluded to projects to improve these abilities. These projects are especially fitting for guardians what themselves' identity was, raised by oppressive guardians and accordingly are oblivious of some other conduct toward her kid. One of the objectives of the clinicians is to give data to advisors which will h elp tailor treatment to the individual needs of the harsh guardians. Recidivism rates for injurious parental figures are high, says Walters. To a huge degree, oppressive guardians which require an assortment of treatment. Their examination is supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. Contact: Gary Walters (416)978-7814 Lynn Oldershaw (416)978-3528 alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-63941295216010968182020-07-12T15:43:00.001-07:002020-07-12T15:43:03.423-07:00All the Books! Podcast, Episode #26 New Releases for Nov. 3, 2015All the Books! Podcast, Episode #26 New Releases for Nov. 3, 2015 This week, Liberty and Rebecca discuss The Girl Who Could Not Dream, The Heart You Carry Home, Twain and Stanley Enter Paradise, and more new releases. This episode was sponsored by A Blossom of Bright Light by Suzanne Chazin and Penguin Random House Audio and FabFitFun. Subscribe to All the Books! using RSS or iTunes and never miss a beat book. Sign up for the weekly New Books! newsletter for even more new book news. Books discussed on the show: The Girl Who Could Not Dream by Sarah Beth Durst The Heart You Carry Home by Jennifer Miller Twain and Stanley Enter Paradise by Oscar Hijuelos Matterhorn by Karl Marlantes (What It Is Like To Go To War by Karl Marlantes) Stoner by John Williams By the Book: Writers on Literature and the Literary Life from The New York Times Book Review by Pamela Paul Zeroville by Steve Erickson (This is published by Europa Editions, not NYRB Classics. I got confused! Liberty) Skylight by José Saramago What were reading: The Deep Sea Divers Syndrome by Serge Brusollos (Rebecca is not sure shes going to get any reading done this week, so heres a cat dance party instead.) More books out this week: Jewish Noir: Contemporary Tales of Crime and Other Dark Deeds by Kenneth Wishnia Life and Other Near Death Experiences by Camille Pagán St. Marks Is Dead: The Many Lives of Americas Hippest Street by Ada Calhoun The Mare by Mary Gaitskill Abducting a General by Patrick Leigh Fermor The Conjurerâs Riddle by Andrea Cremer Avenue of Mysteries by John Irving The Education of Kevin Powell: A Boys Journey into Manhood by Kevin Powell Styx by Bavo Dhooge Cam Girl by Leah Raeder Broken Sleep by Bruce Bauman City of Wonders: Seven Forges Book III by James A. Moore Black Wolves by Kate Elliott The Improbability of Love by Hannah Rothschild Empty Chairs: Selected Poems by Liu Xia Ten Thousand Skies Above You by Claudia Gray Numero Zero by Umberto Eco Andy and Don: The Making of a Friendship and a Classic American TV Show by Daniel de Vise Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Old School by Jeff Kinney My Loaded Gun, My Lonely Heart by Martin Rose The Girl with Ghost Eyes by M. H. Boroson Trashed by Derf Backderf The Gold Eaters by Ronald Wright Playing Days by Benjamin Markovits Stars of Fortune: Book One of the Guardians Trilogy by Nora Roberts Dead Ringers by Christopher Golden Dear Reader by Paul Fournel Brooklyn: A Personal Memoir: With the lost photographs of David Attie by Truman Capote and David Attie The Way Around: Finding My Mother and Myself Among the Yanomami by David Good Lungdon (Book Three, The Iremonger Trilogy) by Edward Carey Along the Infinite Sea by Beatriz Williams The Muralist by B.A. Shapiro The Hunt for Vulcan: . . . And How Albert Einstein Destroyed a Planet, Discovered Relativity, and Deciphered the Universe by Thomas Levenson One Manâs Flag by David Downing Tenacity by J. S. Law Made to Kill by Adam Christopher Hesitation Wounds by Amy Koppelman Little Victories: Perfect Rules for Imperfect Living by Jason Gay D.C. Trip by Sara Benincasa One Out of Two by Daniel Sada The Japanese Lover by Isabel Allende Wherever There Is Light by Peter Golden The Bazaar of Bad Dreams: Stories by Stephen King No More Champagne: Churchill and his Money by David Lough Need by Joelle Charbonneau City of Clowns by Daniel Alarcón and Sheila Alvarado Tightrope by Simon Mawer The Unspeakable: And Other Subjects of Discussion by Meghan Daum (paperback) Acts of God by Ellen Gilchrist (paperback) My Misspent Youth: Essays by Meghan Daum (reissue) alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-25144318831522585832020-05-20T05:11:00.001-07:002020-05-20T05:11:13.646-07:00Persuasive Essay on Lewis and ClarkPersuasive Essay on Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark Persuasive Essay Expedition that started in May, 1804, was an important milestone in the American history. It was headed by William Clark and Meriwether Lewis and commissioned by President Jefferson. Among the goals they pursued there were commercial and scientific ââ¬â they aimed at discovery of the animal life and plant diversity, as well as wanted to see the geographical peculiarities of this territory, as it had not been explored before them. Among the other goals there were finding of the water communication for commerce with Asian countries and declaration of US sovereignty over indigenous tribes residing on the continent. The results of the expedition showed a lot of valuable information. First of all, there were drawn the first maps of the explored region ââ¬â about 140 of them. Besides, a lot of new plant and animal species were discovered and the place itself was officially described for the first time in the history. The US sovereignty and military strength was demonstrated to the native tribes, which ensured their subordination to the country. Still, there was one important goal failed ââ¬â the expedition didnââ¬â¢t find the path suitable for commerce establishing with Asia. On the whole, there were 33 people involved in the expedition, and among them there was Sacagawea ââ¬â Lemhi Shoshone woman, who was a guide and interpreter for all the other people. The woman played a significant role in the expedition and managed to settle the conflicts arising in its course. The National American Woman Suffrage Association chose her image as a symbol of womenââ¬â¢s independence and worth and opened several monuments in her honor. In 2000 there was issued a memorable coin with Sacagawea and her son depicted in it. alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-74678705117208363362020-05-06T23:03:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:03:12.458-07:00Stereotypes in Schools - 953 Words Stereotypes in school can affect students in their confidence and education. Writer, Shankar Vedantam, in his article, ââ¬Å"How A Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performance,â⬠argues that reminding people of their race before a test or quiz can be the reason they dont score as high on a test. He supports his claim by first explaining things that Sociologist Min-Hsiung Huang discovered. He then explains how whites have been scoring higher than other races this affects chances of them getting into good colleges or classes. Huang mentions that he thinks the reason for this is because they are reminded of their race before taking the test or in some cases quizzed by the opposite race. Vedantams purpose is to bring attention to this research so that it can be used when creating policy and law. After interviewing and talking to kids at my school about stereotypes, I think his findings are also relevant for students at my school. My teacher, Mrs. Roberts gave us a project to read an essay on stereotypes then write our own. First, we interviewed two of our peers with questions to ask them about stereotypes they deal with. We interviewed one person in our class and one person out of class. Then we put that data onto a google form and made it into a spreadsheet. Last, we looked at the all the data on the spreadsheet and organised it by gender and ethnicity to see how different people deal with stereotypes at Point Loma High School. Our class has done some research intoShow MoreRelatedStereotypes in School517 Words à |à 2 PagesStereotypes in school can affect student and their education. Writer, Shankar Vedantam, in his article, ââ¬Å" How a Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performance,â⬠explains the effects of stereotypes and how other races handle them. He supports his claim by explaining to the audience what a beast is, and how the answer depends on who is asking the question. He then explains how he eventually came to understand that minorities do better when they work with their own race and are not reminded ofRead MoreStereotypes at School599 Words à |à 2 Pagespassage ââ¬Å"How a Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performanceâ⬠Shankar Vedantam believes that by reminding a certain race of people about their race before a test they will score lower than if not reminded. Shankarââ¬â¢s purpose in revealing this information is to erase the imagery of stereotypes when testi ng. He adopts a different tone when the article moves on by going from a factual article to a more opinionated one. The intended audience is for people who stereotype because he is trying to convinceRead MoreStereotypes in Our School637 Words à |à 3 Pagesdone research at our school that supports the idea that many people experience stereotypes, and are affected by them. Author and Scientific Journalist, Shankar Vedantam, in his article ââ¬Å"How a Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performance,â⬠Explains that If people are stereotyped, they can start to embody the stereotypes made about them without realizing it, which could lead to a degradation in their performance, because of the negative self image caused by these stereotypes. He supports thisRead MoreStereotypes at my school649 Words à |à 3 PagesStereotypes in school can affect students and their education. We did some research about stereotypes at our school, Point Loma High, but first we read ââ¬Å"How a Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performance,â⬠by Shankar Vedantam. He argues that how being a stereotype can bring down someones work performance. He supports his claim by first explaining that on a standardized vocabulary test, black people on average scored a 5.49 out of 10 questions correctly and white people answered 6.33 correctlyRead MoreThe Situation of Stereotypes in High Schools557 Words à |à 2 PagesStereotypes in our society can be a major problem, but can be an extremely big problem to teenagers. In my school, stereotypes has a wide range of impact to our students. In our class we had read an article based on stereotypes.Writer and musician, Shankar Vedantam, in his article, ââ¬Å"How a Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performance,â⬠claims that if you mention a person race they may have a lower performance on tests. He supports his claim by first explaining that when a person is testedRead MoreStereotypes at Point Loma High School609 Wo rds à |à 2 PagesOur class does research on the way stereotypes affect people in our school. We have interviewed 165 students. 79% of the people we interviewed were in 9th grade. The rest were evenly spread between 10th 11th and 12th grade. only 42% of our participants were female, while 58% were male. The majority of our interviewees identified themselves as white at 46%. 33% were hispanic or latino 7% were african american 4% were asian american 10% were other and 1% were native american. A majority of our participantsRead MoreStereotyping : Stereotypes And Stereotyping1494 Words à |à 6 Pages In everyday life Stereotypes are used, they are directed towards ethnicity, gender, and education. ââ¬Å"In ethnicity, we have the ideas that each race is a certain wayâ⬠(Aronson. The impact of stereotypes). Here are a couple of examples for blacks, they all can run fast, and that they are all about the welfare system. ââ¬Å"For Hispanics they are stereotyped as being crazy, loud, lazy, drug dealers, illegal immigrants, and sluttyâ⬠(Typical stereotypes of Hispanics). The stereotypes of ethnicity is causingRead MoreHow Stereotypes Affect Teens699 Words à |à 3 PagesStereotypes can be a problem in our society, but they are especially a problem for teenagers. At my school stereotypes impact a wide range of students. My class read ââ¬Å"How a Self Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performance,â⬠by Writer and novelist, Shankar Vedantam. In his article he argues that telling people about their race before an exam will hurt their performance. He supports his claim by providing statistics on the average test scores of blacks compared to whites. He then explains thatRead MoreHow a Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performance by Shankar Vedantam657 Words à |à 3 Pages Shankar Vedantam, author of Hidden Brain and NPR science correspondent informs and advocates for equality in the education system in his article ââ¬Å"How a Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performanceâ⬠published in the Washington Post (2009). Vedantam begins his article by interacting with the audience while he asks a question,and he cites Sociologist Min-Hsuing Huangââ¬â¢s research on the influence that the environment has on a minority. Huang found out that: reminding minorities of their raceRead MoreSummary Of Stereotypes In The Little Rock Nine873 Words à |à 4 Pages Stereotypes Stereotypes, people who put other people into a category that they think they belong in. Individuals should be able to be themselves without being focused to be something they are not. Stereotypes the dictionary defines as à ¨a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group.à ¨ Words that are synonyms are à ¨patternâ⬠, ââ¬Å"customâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"average.à ¨ Other words that are antonyms are, ââ¬Å"sameâ⬠and ââ¬Å"alike.à ¨ Stereotypes are people alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-73472681351906557642020-05-06T07:26:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:26:40.497-07:00Female Protagonists free essay sample Compares sexuality of female protagonists of African-American Chinese-American cultures in novel memoir. Sula by Toni Morrison The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston. This study will discuss the topic of sexuality as it is treated by Toni Morrison in her novel Sula and by Maxine Hong Kingston in her autobiographical The Woman Warrior. The study will focus on the differences in the ways the main characters learn about sexuality. It will also focus on the differences and similarities between the African-American and Chinese-American cultures in the ways they view sexuality, and especially the sexuality of females. In general, the African-American culture is more open and liberal with respect to sexuality, and the Chinese-American culture is more closed and conservative. The women in Morrisons novel are more free to express themselves sexually, while the women in Kingstons book are discouraged from such free sexual expression. At the same time, the woman who decides to live an openly sexual life will pay a price for such freedom in alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-16112831677965552182020-04-23T18:48:00.001-07:002020-04-23T18:48:01.982-07:00The Economic Role of Slavery During the Civil War free essay sample This paper examines the correlations between slavery, economics, and the Civil War. This paper shows how the study of the economics surrounding slavery can give a better understanding of the issues surrounding both slavery and the Civil War. Topics covered include the origins of slavery, opposing views on slavery, the and the economic effectiveness of slavery. Slavery and the civil war are very complex economic and historical issues. Many prominent Economic Historians view the institution of slavery vastly different from one another. With the difference in views also comes opposing opinions on whether or not the Civil War was actually needed to end the practice of slavery. While it is impossible to truly know what would have happened had events been different surrounding the American Civil War, it is possible to learn about the differences in opinions. Examining the origins of slavery, the opposing views of slavery, and the economics of the civil war can lend a clearer picture of this time frame alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-46711557430734983842020-03-17T14:52:00.001-07:002020-03-17T14:52:02.967-07:00Life as an Intellectual Under Mao Tse Dung essaysLife as an Intellectual Under Mao Tse Dung essays When Mao Zedong first came into power, we all thought that it was a great thing- he was a strong leader, and he would pilot China from lowly pit of humiliation into a higher place, where we would regain our power and respect. Mao became the driving force behind extreme alterations in China. For centuries, operas had been a traditional form of Chinese arts. These operas featured legends of emperors, princesses, ministers, generals, demons, romance, treachery, and murder, topics which Mao deemed unsuitable for audiences of peasants and farmers. Under the careful watch of his third wife, Mao commissioned a group of writers to create new operas, ones about peasants and farmers, where the audience could see themselves portrayed as the heroines, and their detested landlords as the villains. Mao abolished traditional forms of Chinese art in favor of more vain, self-concerning plays that he claimed were more appropriate to the interests of the masses and more with the party line. Censoring the arts was not just limited to our own plays, however. All visiting groups were required to perform first for Mao before they were allowed to perform for a Chinese audience. More often than not, Mao forced the groups to edit their program. A visiting Portuguese ballet company was driven to remove over half of their program, as he felt it to be too modernistic. It wasnt long before Mao began censoring not only what we could see and do, but also how we could do it. All writers were to be trained in by government writing officials- the desired effect being, of course, so that they all wrote in the same style. All writing was to be, like the operas, concerning topics of interest to its audience. None of the usual drama and royal scandals, only stories about peasants and farmers. Only literature that seemed to contribute to the achievement of Communist goals. He stated publicly that ones endo... alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-27671617016806786092020-03-01T06:39:00.001-08:002020-03-01T06:39:03.383-08:00What to Expect From a Chinese Fortune TellerWhat to Expect From a Chinese Fortune Teller Having oneââ¬â¢s fortune told through Chinese fortune telling (ç ®â"å⠽, suan ming) is a routine practice in Chinese culture. Consulting a fortune teller is nearly compulsory before major events, like Chinese New Year, wedding engagements, and the birth of children. Whether for entertainment or out of a strong belief in superstition, getting your fortune told by a Chinese fortune teller can be a memorable experience. Here is what to expect when it comes to prices, methods, and more. Cost The cost of a fortune telling session varies based on the city, fortune telling method, and what specifically the recipient wants to know. Getting an answer to one question, like finding a lover or a job, costs less than getting an overall fortune for the coming year, decade, or life. Basic fortune telling in Taipei starts at $15. Where to Find a Chinese Fortune Teller Fortune tellers can often be found in or near Buddhist and Taoist temples in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Outside of China and Taiwan, fortune tellers can also be found in Chinatowns around the world. What to Expect The fortune telling session takes place at a table or desk with the fortune teller and customer sitting across from or next to each other. In many instances, there is little privacy as fortune telling tables or booths are located next to each other with just a flimsy wall to partition them. In many large cities like Beijing, Hong Kong, and Taipei, it is possible to have your fortune told in English. Methods There are over a dozen types of Chinese fortune telling methods, but nearly all are based on the Chinese Almanac. The most basic method of Chinese fortune telling in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other countries like the U.S. remains virtually the same regardless of location. All a person needs to have his or her fortune told, or that of a friend of family member, is theà first and last name, birth date, and age. For Westerners, be sure to add one year to your current age because the first year of life in Chinese culture is counted at birth whereas babies in the West do not turn one until a year after their birth. Additional information like time of birth and a personââ¬â¢s address is sometimes required for certain fortune telling methods. Oftentimes, fortune tellers use one or more methods to reveal your fortune. For example, palm and face readings or ââ¬Ëbeanââ¬â¢ fortune telling may be combined withà basic fortune tellingà to generate a more accurate reading. Other methods that a fortune teller might use include coin divination,à Chien Tung or Chinese fortune sticks,à bird fortune telling, or usingà red divination blocks to tell your fortune. alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-65278605161059498042020-02-13T22:04:00.001-08:002020-02-13T22:04:07.876-08:00Curriculum Staff Development Plan Research PaperCurriculum Staff Development Plan - Research Paper Example Subgroups performances According to TAKââ¬â¢s statistics, percentage of the white students passing the mathematics exam is higher than that of black and Hispanics students. TAKââ¬â¢s 2011 statistics indicates that across ethnic groups, the passing scores for algebra ranged from 85% to 92 %, and geometry ranged from 81% to 91% (Valencia, 2011). Whites had the best performance illustrated by the passing rate of 69% in algebra and 80% in geometry. The Hispanic group comes second with a passing rate of 48% in Algebra and 58% in geometry while blacks had the poorest performance indicated by TAKââ¬â¢s passing rate of 42% in Algebra and 50% in geometry (Valencia, 2011). Considering the performance in the grade 10 level, males had a higher passing rate than females. Females had a passing rate of 55% in algebra and 66% in geometry while males had a passing rate of 56% in algebra and 68% in geometry (Valencia, 2011). Staff Development Plan As evident from the statistics, the performan ce presented by the group varies among different subpopulations. This explains that the staff development plan should equip teachers with the skills for managing diversities. Consequently, the plan will enroll teachers to programs aimed at enhancing their diversity management skills. This is essential since an approach effective to one group may fail to be productive for the other (English, 2000). As such, the plan will initially seek to examine probable differences leading to poor performances to devise ideal strategies for managing every challenge. According to Even and Ball (2009), poor diversity management skills present a considerable challenge to most teachers. This has the potential of undermining their productivity. This plan will emphasize the need of managing diversities effectively to make teachers appreciate the idea. Such an approach would be effective since it would develop teachers, making them understands their students. Siena (2009) affirms that teachers who have di versity management skills can comfortably identify ideal solutions for addressing challenges that undermine their efforts. Studies affirm that a productive strategy that can help teachers improve the performance of their students is restructuring their teaching styles. This plan will allow teachers to utilize this strategy in enhancing their productivity. A study edited by Even and Ball (2009) suggests that teachers may create change by restructuring their classroom, by changing the topic or their teaching plan, by emphasizing diverse interpersonal skills or by promoting an attitude change. However, studies indicate that most teachers fail to evolve enough, so their classrooms stagnate. Siena (2009) argues that teachers should be trained on how to integrate curriculum effectively, and institutions can develop their education standards by providing teacher-training programs. Notably, diminishing flexibility is an influential factor contributing to poor performances noted in most curr iculum systems. Studies suggest that the poor performance presented in TAKs State exams is attributable to a rigid curriculum followed by the education system. Teachers continue to use outdated teaching aids, which fail to blend well with the contemporary ideas, so students have difficulties in comprehending subjectsââ¬â¢ alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-84585036149647836522020-02-01T13:23:00.001-08:002020-02-01T13:23:02.469-08:00Brand management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1Brand management - Assignment Example It is an international company with several sub-brands and a strong strategy in operation. In the United Kingdom, the company has a well-defined brand elements and architecture. Brand architecture acts as a powerful tool through which organizations can effectively organize the brands in their portfolio and focus on enhancing each and every brand in the market. In this regard, the choice of the brand architecture to be used is an important consideration which can greatly determine the performance of a brand in the market. In the case of Sony, the corporation has so many individual brands which create the need for effective brand architecture (Chernatony, 2008). In the United Kingdom, Sony uses the umbrella brand architecture in marketing its various brands across the country and beyond. This arises out of the fact that Sony has been a global brand over the years and the name has therefore become very synonymous with quality products. In this case, the umbrella or corporate brand offers an effective opportunity for the company to market its various sub-brands. Indeed, the nature of the products produced by Sony creates the need for a family name in order to limit much of the effort that would be used in promoting the individual brands. In this case, marketing can be done both for the individual sub-brands and by jointly marketing the family name. However, it should be realized that umbrella branding does not really imply that all the portfolio of the corporation falls under one name. Rather, the family name is just a unifying factor while each and every product has its different brand line. Across the United Kingdom, it is seen that Sony promotes its products effectively through the use of umbrella branding. Sony operates in the technology world where new products are constantly produced. For instance, when a new PlayStation is launched, promotion becomes much easy since the consumers are already acquainted with the bead name. In the alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-81614660728624176792020-01-24T09:47:00.001-08:002020-01-24T09:47:02.897-08:00Racial Struggle in America Essay -- Ethnicity Immigration PapersRacial Struggle in America Yes East and West and North and South, the Palm and the pine, the pole and the equator, the crescent and the cross - how the great Alchemist melts and fuses them with his purging flame! Here shall they all unite to build the Republic of Man and the Kingdom of God. (Rereading America 535) The myth of the melting pot, similarly to The American Dream [i] , brings a lot of immigrants to America hoping to find equality, freedom and opportunity. The promise of a new race in which individuals of all nations are melted into one, and whose labors would change the world, eludes people all over the globe. The drama of becoming an American requires that immigrants take on a new identity, because they want to become equally members of the community with all the rights, responsibilities, and opportunities that their fellow citizens have. The myth then falls flat on its face, because it lies when it says that all Americans are "created equal." The melting pot ideal has often masked the reality of racial supremacy, constantly reminding us of race [ii] when we feel our differences becoming signs of inferiority, and as inferiors we are treated as subhuman. Thomas Jefferson as third president of the United States (1801-1809) recommended that all emancipated slaves should be sent out of the state to form separate colonies, and to prevent racial conflict as well as intermarriage with whites. While he believed in the "Group Separatism" relation, which in "Models of American Ethnic Relations: A Historical Perspective" George M. Fredrickson explained as a self-governing community, President Ronald Regan declared himself "color blind" in matters of race. Neither a "group separatism," nor a "color-blind" socie... ...eading America. Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2001. 598-609. Cose, Ellis. "Can a New Race Surmount Old Prejudices?"Rereading America. Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2001. 635-646. Lindholm, William C. "Origins of the Old Order Amish." http://holycrosslivonia.org/amish/origin.htm [i]American Dream: the notion that anyone can succeed in America only through hard work. [ii]Race: population distinguished by genetic traits [iii] politics of identification: Henry Louis Gates Jr.ââ¬â¢s term to define our capacity to identify with others regardless of their differences. "A Liberalism of Heart and Spine" [iv] model minority: Asian Americans were used as model minorities to other minorities to claim that the American Dream is alive. alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-73896849286645436462020-01-16T06:11:00.001-08:002020-01-16T06:11:03.814-08:00Economics storyThe Indian Economy Since Independence India Wins Freedom On 14 August 1947, Nehru had declared: ââ¬Å"Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge. The achievement we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of oopportunity, to the great triumph and achievments that await us. â⬠He reminded the country that the tasks ahead iincluded ââ¬Å"the ending of poverty and ignorance and disease and inequality of oopportunityâ⬠. These were the basic foundations on which India embarked upon its path of development since gaining independence in 1947.The purpose of this talk is to analyze how much has India really achieved in the last 55 years in fulfilling the aspirations on which it was founded. Indian Planning process The objective of Indiaââ¬â¢s development strategy has been to establish a socialistic pattern of society through economic growth with self-reliance, social justice and alleviation of poverty. These objectives were to be achieved within a democratic political framework using the mechanism of a mixed economy where both public and private sectors co-exist. India initiated planning for national economic development with the establishment of the Planning Commission.The aim of the First Five Year Plan (1951-56) was to raise domestic savings for growth and to help the economy resurrect itself from colonial rule. The real break with the past in planning came with the Second Five Year Plan (Nehru-Mahalanobis Plan). The industrialization strategy articulated by Professor Mahalanobis placed emphasis on the development of heavy industries and envisaged a dominant role for the public sector in the economy. The entrepreneurial role of the state was evoked to develop the industrial sector. Commanding heights of the economy were entrusted to the public sector.The objectives of industrial ppolicy were: a high growth rate, national self-reliance, reduction of foreign dominance, building up of indigenous c apacity, encouraging small scale industry, bringing about balanced regional development, prevention of concentration of economic power, reduction of income inequalities and control of economy by the State. The planners 1 and ppolicy makers suggested the need for using a wide vvariety of instruments like state allocation of investment, licensing and other regulatory controls to steer Indian industrial development on a closed economy basis.The strategy underlying the first three plans assumed that once the growth process gets established, the institutional changes would ensure that benefits of growth trickle down to the poor. But doubts were raised in the early seventies about the effectiveness of the ââ¬Ëtrickle downââ¬â¢ approach and its ability to banish poverty. Further, the growth itself generated by the planned approach remained too weak to create adequate surpluses- a prerequisite for the ââ¬Ëtrickle downââ¬â¢ mechanism to work. Public sector did not live upto the e xpectations of generating surpluses to accelerate the pace of capital accumulation and help reduce inequality.Agricultural growth remained constrained by perverse institutional conditions. There was unchecked population growth in this period. Though the growth achieved in the first three Five Year Plans was not insignificant, yet it was not sufficient to meet the aims and objectives of development. These brought into view the weakness of economic strategy. We discuss the failure of the planning process in more detail in the next section. A shift in ppolicy was called for. The Fifth Plan (1974-79) corrected its course by initiating a program emphasizing growth with redistribution.To accelerate the process of production and to align it with contemporary realities, a mild version of economic liberalization was started in the mid 1980s. Three important committees were set up in the early 1980s. Narsimhan Committee on the shift from physical controls to fiscal controls, Sengupta Committe e on the public sector and the Hussain Committee on trade ppolicy. The result of such thinking was to reorient our economic policies. As a result there was some progress in the process of deregulation during the 1980s. Two kinds of delicencing aactivity took place.First, thirty two groups of industries were delicensed without any investment limit. Second, in 1988, all industries were exempted from licensing except for a specified negative list of twenty six industries. Entry into the industrial sector was made easier but exit still remained closed and sealed. Hence, the roots of the liberalization program were started in the late 80ââ¬â¢s when Rajiv Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India, but the reach and force of the reform 2 program was rather limited. There were political reasons as to why this program could not be enhanced which we talk about later.The Failure of the Planning Process While the reasons for adopting a centrally directed strategy of development were understanda ble against the background of colonial rule, it, however soon became clear that the actual results of this strategy were far below expectations. Instead of showing high growth, high public savings and a high degree of self-reliance, India was actually showing one of the lowest rates of growth in the developing world with a rising public deficit and a periodic balance of payment crises.Between 1950 and 1990, Indiaââ¬â¢s growth rate averaged less than 4 per cent per annum and this was at a time when the developing world, including Sub-Saharan Africa and other least developed countries, showed a growth rate of 5. 2 % per annum. An important assumption in the choice of post-independence development strategy was the generation of public savings, which could be used for higher and higher levels of investment. However, this did not happen, and the public sector-instead of being a generator of savings for the communityââ¬â¢s good- became, over time, a consumer of communityââ¬â¢s sa vings.This reversal of roles had become evident by the early seventies, and the process reached its culmination by the early eighties. By then, the government began to borrow not only to meet its own revenue expenditure but also to finance public sector deficits and investments. During 1960-1975, total public sector borrowings averaged 4. 4 % of GDP. These increased to 6 % of GDP by 1980-81, and further to 9 % by 1989-90. Thus, the public sector, which was supposed to generate resources for the growth of the rest of the economy, gradually became a net drain on the society as a whole.I will now try to give some reasons for the deterioration of the public sector in India. 1) The legal system in India is such that it provides full protection to the private interests of the so called ââ¬Ëpublic servantââ¬â¢, often at the expense of the public that he or she is supposed to serve. In addition to complete job security, any group of public servants in any public sector organization ca n go on strike in search of higher wages, promotions and bonuses for themselves, irrespective of the costs and 3 nconvenience to the public. Problems have become worse over time and there is little or no accountability of the public servant to perform the public duty. 2) The ââ¬Ëauthorityââ¬â¢ of governments, at both center and states, to enforce their decisions has eroded over time. Government can pass orders, for example, for relocation of unauthorized industrial units or other structures, but implementation can be delayed if they run counter to private interests of some (at the expense of the general public interest). ) The process and procedures for conducting business in government and public service organizations, over time, have become non-functional. There are multiplicity of departments involved in the simplest of decisions, and administrative rules generally concentrate on the process rather than results. There is very little decentralization of decision-making power s, particularly financial powers. Thus, while local authorities have been given significant authority in some states for implementing national programmes, their financial authority is limited.Hence during early 90ââ¬â¢s it was imperative for India to correct its clearly faulty developmental process. There have been several reasons put forward for the failure of the developmental path which necessitated the reforms of Manmohan Singh in 1991. The way I would approach the analysis is through the approach of comparing and contrasting the viewpoints of two of the most prominent Indian economists of our times. The Bhagwati-Sen debate Jagdish Bhagwati and Amartya Sen, probably the two most influential voices amongst Indian economists, represent the two divergent ways of thinking about the development path.Though formally no such debates exists, apart from occasional jibes against Sen in the writings of Bhagwati, I believe by scrutinizing their positions a lot of introspection can be don e. As Bhagwati says ââ¬Å"my view as to what went wrong with Indian planning is completely at odds with that of Prof Senâ⬠. My objective in this section is bring 4 out the intellectual divergence amongst these two great minds and possibly to learn something from that. Let us start with the points on which they agree.I think the fact that India needs an egalitarian development path is quite well acknowledged by both of them. The Nehruvian dream of an egalitarian growth process was what both of them would endorse. As Bhagwati says ââ¬Å"I have often reminded the critics of Indian strategy, who attack it from the perspective of poverty which is juxtaposed against growth, that it is incorrect to think that the Indian planners got it wrong by going for growth rather than attacking poverty: they confuse mearns with ends.In fact, the phrase ââ¬Å"minimum incomeâ⬠and the aim of providing it to Indiaââ¬â¢s poor were very much part of the lexicon and at the heart of our think ing and analysis when I worked at the Indian Planning Commission in the early 1960ââ¬â¢sâ⬠. The key strategy that defined the resulting developmental effort was the decision to target efforts at accelerating the growth rate. Given the immensity of the poverty, the potential of simple redistribution was considered to be both negligible in its immediate impact and of little sustained value. Accelerated growth was thus regarded as an instrumental variable; a ppolicy outcome that would in turn reduce poverty.He goes on to argue ââ¬Å"Those intimately associated in Indiaââ¬â¢s plans fully understood, contrary to many recent assertions, the need for land reforms, for attention to the possibility of undue concentration of economic power and growth in inequality. These ââ¬Ësocial tasksââ¬â¢, which of course also can redound to economic advantage, were attended to and endlessly debated in the ensuing years, with reports commissioned (such as the Mahalanobis Committee report on income distribution in 1962) and policies continually revised and devised to achieve these social outcomesâ⬠.If we follow the writings of Sen on the other hand, in his recent book ââ¬Å"Development As Freedomâ⬠, Sen argues that ââ¬Å"the usefulness of wealth lies in the things that it allows us to do- the substantive freedoms it helps us to achieveâ⬠¦. an adequate conception of development must go much beyond the accumulation of wealth and the growth of gross national product and other income-related variables. Without ignoring the importance of economic growth, we must look well beyond itâ⬠. I donââ¬â¢t think that there is any divergence of view on this front with that of what Bhagwati says.It is worth mentioning at this juncture that this has been a common misconception amongst economists about the divergence of two different developmental paths. It is often misunderstood that Bhagwatiââ¬â¢s 5 view stresses just on economic growth while Sen argues ag ainst economic growth and the importance of markets. The above paragraphs reveal that this is certainly not the case. Both of them is sufficiently concerned with economic growth as well as the basic issues of poverty, health and social issues. The points of divergence I believe the real disparity concerns the mearns of achieving these common goals.Bhagwatiââ¬â¢s arguments can be summarized as follows. The development process consists of two steps. As a first step, a growth accelerated strategy would generate enhanced investments and whose objective was to jolt the economy up into a higher investment mode that would generate a much higher growth rate. The planning framework rested on two legs. First, it sought to make the escalated growth credible to private iinvestors so that they would proceed to invest on an enhanced basis in a self-fulfilling prophecy.Second, it aimed at generating the added savings to finance the investments so induced. His argument crucially rested on the fo llowing logical theory. For the higher growth rate to achieve it is very important for the economy concerned to be open. If the effective exchange rate for exports over the effective exchange rate for imports (signifying the relative profitability of the foreign over the home market), ensured that the world markets were profitable to aim for, guaranteeing in turn that the inducement to invest was no longer constrained by the growth of the domestic market.It is worthwhile to recount Indiaââ¬â¢s performance as far as the public sector savings is concerned, which was considered a major hindrance towards the success of the Indian plans. Continuing with the argument, the generation of substantial export earnings enabled the growing investment to be implemented by imports of equipment embodying technical change. If the Social Marginal Product of this equipment exceeded the cost of its importation, there would be a ââ¬Ësurplusââ¬â¢ that would accrue as an income gain to the econom y and boost the growth rate.The role of literacy and education comes at the next stage. The pproduactivity of the imported equipment would be greater with a workforce that was literate and would be further enhanced if many had even secondary education. Now his argument is based on the fact that the enhanced growth would demand and lead to a more educated workforce. Thus 6 he considers that primary education and literacy plays an enhancing, rather than initiating role in the developmental process. Sen on the other hand considers a larger view of development.He believes that questions such as whether certain political or social freedoms, such as the liberty of political participation and dissent, or opportunities to receive basic education, are or not ââ¬Å"conducive to developmentâ⬠misses the important understanding that these substantive freedoms are among the constituent components of development. Their relevance for development does not have to be freshly established throug h their indirect contribution to the growth of GNP or to the promotion of industrialization.While the causal relation, that these freedoms and rights are also very effective in contributing to economic progress, the vindication of freedoms and rights provided by this causal linkage is over and above the directly constitutive role of these freedoms in development. I think that it is precisely at this point where some of Senââ¬â¢s writings on economics and philosophy should be considered. According to Sen, economics as a discipline has tended to move away from focusing on the value of freedoms to that of utilities, incomes and wealth. This narrowing of focus leads to an underappreciation of the full role of the market mechanism.For example, take the example of the most important finding on the theory of the markets- the Arrow-Debreu equilibrium. That theorem shows that a competitive economic system can achieve a certain type of efficiency (Pareto efficiency to be precise) which a c entralized system cannot achieve, and this is due to reasons of incentives and information problems. But if we suppose that no such imperfections do exist and the same competitive equilibrium can be brought about by a dictator who announces the production and allocation decision, then are these two outcomes the same?In a much celebrated paper, Sen brings out the distinction between ââ¬Å"culmination outcomesâ⬠(that is, the only final outcomes without taking any note of the process of getting there) and ââ¬Å"comprehensive outcomesâ⬠(taking note of the process through which the culmination outcomes come about). Along these lines we can argue that Sen would disagree with Bhagwatiââ¬â¢s point of view in that it does not consider the ââ¬Å"comprehensive outcomesâ⬠.Though the outcomes may be the same if we bring about a simultaneous increase in investments in education, health and other social activities, with that of growth, as against a 7 framework where growth b rings about a derived demand for those activities (a la Bhagwati), these are not the same thing. So as we can see, the primary difference in the approach is that Bhagwati argues that poverty and social dimensions can be taken care of in the second step of the development process while Sen argues that social oopportunity is a constitutive element in the developmental process.In this respect it is helpful to scrutinize the East Asian case, where countries like Japan, South Korea, Taiwan (so called Asian Tigers) achieved phenomenal rates of growth in the 80ââ¬â¢s and much of the early 90ââ¬â¢s. The interesting fact about these countries is that they achieved this with a significant high record on the social dimensions. Both Bhagwati and Sen has commented directly on the achievement of these countries. As Bhagwati states ââ¬Å"The East Asian investment rate began its take-off to phenomenal levels because East Asia turned to the Export promotion (EP) strategy.The elimination of th e ââ¬Ëbias against exportsââ¬â¢, and indeed a net excess of the effective exchange rate for exports over the effective exchange rate for imports (signifying the relative profitability of the foreign over the domestic market), ensured that the world markets were profitable to aim for, guaranteeing in turn that the inducement to invest was no longer constrained by the growth of the domestic market as in the IS strategyâ⬠. I personally think that there is nothing disputable in this analysis but it does not strengthen his argument that the social achievements in these countries followed their phase of growth.In fact the pioneering example of enhancing economic growth through social oopportunity, especially in basic education, is Japan. Japan had a higher rate of literacy than Europe even at the time of the Meiji restoration in the mid nineteenth century, when industrialization had not yet occurred there but had gone on for many decades in Europe. The East Asian experience was also based on ssimilar connections. The contrasts between India and China are also important in this aspect. The governments of both China and India has been making efforts for sometime now to move toward a more open, internationally active, market-oriented economy.While Indian efforts have slowly met with some access, the kind of massive results that China has seen has failed to occur in India. An important factor in this contrast lies in the fact that from a social preparedness standpoint, China is a great deal ahead of India in being able to make use of the market economy. While prereform China was deeply skeptical of markets, it was not skeptical of basic education and 8 widely shared health care. When China turned to marketization in 1979, it already had a highly literate people, especially the young, with good schooling facilities across the bulk of the country.In this respect, China was not very far from the basic educational situation in South Korea or Taiwan, where too an educated population had played a major role in seizing the economic opportunities offered by a supported market system. Indeed it is often argued that it is a mistake to worry about the discord between income achievements and survival chances-in general- the statistical connection between them is observed to be quite close. It is interesting, in this context, to refer to some statistical analyses that have recently been presented by Sudhir Anand and Martin Ravallion.On the basis of intercountry comparisons, they find that life expectancy does indeed have a significantly positive correlation with GNP per head, but that this relationship works primarily through the impact of GNP on (I) the incomes specifically of the poor and (2) public expenditure particularly in health care. In fact, once these two variables are iincluded on their own in the statistical exercise, little extra explanation can be obtained from including GNP per head as an additional causal influence. The basic point i s that the impact of economic growth depends much on how the fruits of economic growth are used.Sen argues that a focus on issues on basic education, basic health care and land reforms made widespread economic participation easier in many of the East Asian and Southeast Asian economies in a way it has not been possible in, say, Brazil or India, where the creation of social opportunities has been much slower and that slowness has acted as a barrier to economic development. I believe that one has to take note of the examples of say, Sri Lanka, the Indian State of Kerala or pre-reform China where on the contrary, impressive high life expectancy, low fertility, high literacy and so on, have failed to translate into high economic growth.I would like to see a theory which explains this. But to elucidate Senââ¬â¢s view, he would rather prefer a situation of that of Kerala or Sri Lanka than that of Brazil or India. I would suggest that what one needs is such critical studies which would illuminate the failure of Brazil on one hand as against Sri Lanka on the other, to illustrate the fact that why an egalitarian growth process was not successfully implemented in these cases. We will have useful lessons to learn in that case for the future of development. The debate 9 between Bhagwati and Sen (or rather the created debate in this paper) gives rise to such an agenda.The Reforms of Manmohan Singh At the beginning of 90ââ¬â¢s the reform process was started by the then Finance Minsiter of India, Manmohan Singh. The way I will organize this section is the following: First, I will give a short summary of the reform process , in the sense what were its general goals and ideas. Then I will mention some aspects of the reforms which I think are very encouraging. After that I will scrutinize the reforms more stringently in order to assess whether there is real cause for such jubilation that we tend to observe regarding India. (i)The Background: Indiaââ¬â¢s economic reform s began in 1991 under the Narsimha Rao Government. By that time the surge in oil prices triggered by the Gulf War in 1990 imposed a severe strain on a balance of payments already made fragile by several years of large fiscal deficits and increasing external debt as was discussed before. Coming at a time of internal political instability, the balanceof-payments crises quickly ballooned into a crisis of confidence which intensified in 1991 even though oil prices quickly normalized. Foreign exchange reserves dropped to $1. billion in 1991, barely sufficient for two weeks of imports and a default on external payments appeared inevitable. The shortage of foreign exchange forced tightening of import restrictions, which in turn led to a fall in industrial output. A digression: The politics of reforms In a very engaging article on the politics of reforms Ashutosh Varshney has raised an extremely important question as to why was Indiaââ¬â¢s minority government in 1991 successful in introd ucing economic reforms, whereas a much sthronger government, with a three-fourth majority in parliament, was unable to do so in 1985 (under the Prime Ministership of Rajiv Gandhi)?His argument draws a distinction between mass politics and elite politics. He believes that ââ¬Å"this distinction has not been adequately appreciated 10 in the voluminous literature on the politics of economic reforms. Scholars of economic reforms have generally assumed that reforms are, or tend to become, central to politics. Depending on what else is making demands on the energies of the electorate and politicians- ethnic and religious strife, political order and stability, corruption and crimes of the incumbents- the assumption of reforms centrality may not be rightâ⬠.In the largest ever survey of mass political attitudes in India conducted between April-July 1996, only 19 ppercent of the electorate reported any knowledge of economic reforms, even though reforms had been in existence since July 1 991. Of the rural electorate, only about 14 per cent had heard of reforms, whereas the comparable proportion in the cities was 32 per cent. Further nearly 66 ppercent of the graduates were aware of the dramatic changes in economic ppolicy, compared to only 7 per cent of the poor, who are mostly illiterate.In contrast, close to three-fourths of the electorate ââ¬â both literates and illiterates, poor and rich, urban and rural- were aware of the 1992 mosque demolition in Ayodhya; 80 per cent expressed clear opinions about whether the country should have a uniform civil code or religiously prescribed and separate laws for mmarriage, divorce, and property inheritance; and 87 per cent took a stand on caste-based affirmative action. Thus according to Varshney, elite politics is typically expressed in debates and struggles within the institutionalized settings of a bureaucracy, of a parliament or a cabinet.Mass politics takes place primarily on the streets. In democracies, especially p oor democracies, mass politics can redefine elite politics, for an accumulated expression of popular sentiments and opinions inevitably exercises a great deal of pressure on elected politicians. The economic reformââ¬â¢s during 1991 kept progressing because the political context had made Hindu-Muslim relations and caste animosities the prime determinant of political coalitions. The reforms were crowded out of mass politics by issues that aroused greater passion, and anxiety about the nation.And hence the reforms could go as far as they did. (ii) The Reforms in a Nutshell: The reforms had two broad objectives. One was the reorientation of the economy from a statist, centrally directed and highly controlled economy to what is referred to in the current jargon as a ââ¬Ëmarketfriendly economyââ¬â¢. A reduction direct controls and physical planning was expected to improve the efficiency of the economy. It was to be made more 11 ââ¬Ëopenââ¬â¢ to trade and external flows thr ough a reduction in trade barriers and liberalization of foreign investment policies.A second objective of the reform measures was macro-economic stabilization. This was to be achieved by substantially reducing fiscal deficits and the governmentââ¬â¢s draft on societyââ¬â¢s savings. (iii) Results: Compared with the historical trend, the impact of these policies has been positive and significant. The growth rate of the economy during 1992-93 to 1999-2000 was close to 6. 5 per cent per annum. The balance of payments position has also substantially improved.Despite several external developments, including the imposition of sanctions in 1998 and sharp rise in oil prices in 2000-01, foreign exchange reserves are at a record level. Current account deficits have been moderate, and Indiaââ¬â¢s external debt (as a ppercentage of GDP) and the debt servicing burden have actually come down since the early nineties. There is also evidence of considerable restructuring in the corporate s ector with attention being given to cost-competitiveness and financial viability.The rate of inflation has also come down sharply. (iv) A Closer Scrutiny: When we talk about GDP growth we talk about the aggregate figures. Let us closely look at the sectoral composition. If we look at the growth rates with respect to different sectors we find that the growth rates of agricultural and industrial production have not increased at all in the nineties, compared with the eighties. The increase in overall growth in the 1990ââ¬â¢s is overwhelmingly driven by accelerated growth of the ââ¬Ëserviceââ¬â¢ sector.The service sector includes some very dynamic fields, such as uses of information technology and electronic servicing, in both of which India has made remarkable progress. This was largely a result of the liberalization policies initiated by Manmohan Singh. Ssimilar comments apply to the phenomenal expansion of software-related export services. Now the relevant question is, what is wrong in the fact that the services sector is driving the growth process in India?What is a bit disturbing is the fact that it is not clear as to the extent to which the rapid growth of the service sector as a whole contributes to the generation of widely-shared employment, the elimination of poverty, and the 12 enhancement of the quality of life. And also employment in the service sector is often inaccessible to those who lack the required skills or education. The current restructuring to the Indian economy towards this skill and education-intensive sector reinforces the resources to a certain ection of the society. How has the Reforms been successful in creating a widely shared developmental process? The issue as to whether the reforms have been successful in eliminating poverty to a greater extent than say in the 80ââ¬â¢s is a contentious issue. Experience prior to the 1990s suggests that economic growth in India has typically reduced poverty. Using data from 1958 to 1991, Ravallion and Datt (1996) find that the elasticity of the incidence of poverty with respect to net domestic product per capita was ââ¬â0. 5 and that with respect to private consumption per capita it was ââ¬â0. 9. However, the 1990s are more contentious. Some observers have argued that poverty has fallen far more rapidly in the 1990s than previously (for example, Bhalla, 2000). Others have argued that poverty reduction has stalled and that the poverty rate may even have risen (for example, Sen, 2001). The basic question of measuring Indiaââ¬â¢s poverty rate has turned out to be harder to answer than it needed to be because of difficulties with coverage and comparability of the survey data.Correcting for all those, Datt and Ravallion in a recent study find that India has probably maintained its 1980s rate of poverty reduction in the 1990s, though they do not find any convincing evidence of an acceleration in the decline of poverty. It is probably apt to remark here that oft entimes the public rhetoric fails to take the incomparability problems in the surveys from which the poverty estimates are calculated and try to interpret the estimates to reinforce their particular arguments.Even the Finance Ministerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëbudget speechââ¬â¢ of Feb 2001 coincluded firmly that ââ¬Ëpoverty has fallen from 36 ppercent in 1993-4 to 26 ppercent or less nowââ¬â¢. It is worth noting that even if one were to endorse the official 1999-2000 headcount ratio of 26 per cent, which is known to be biased downwards, one would find that poverty reduction in the 90s has proceeded at a ssimilar rates as in the earlier decades, in spite of a significant acceleration in the economic growth rate. As things stand, this is the most optimistic reading of the available evidence.All of the estimates were made with respect to head-count indexes. I think it is necessary to move away from this narrow index and to consider a broader range of social 13 indicators. Much of the d ebate in this area has focused on what has happened to expenditure on social sector development in the post reform period. Dev and Mooji (2002) find that central alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-5182898896073400052020-01-08T02:34:00.001-08:002020-01-08T02:34:03.034-08:00Things Your Tween Should Do Before Middle School Ends Itââ¬â¹ may seem like your tween beganà middle schoolà just a few months ago, but time has a way of passing us by. If your kids middle school experience is coming to an end, there are a few ways you can help them remember their time andà prepare for the high school experience. It will be here before you know it, so make sure your tween gets everything done before the final day of middle school. Attend a Middle School Dance If your child has avoided dances or other social gatherings while in middle school, now is the chance to attend one before the year is out. Encourage your kid to go to a school dance, carnival, concert, or other school function. If they are shy about going alone, have themà gather a group of friendsà to attend together. Take pictures and give them suggestions on making it through the event if they feel awkward or out of place.à Take Pictures Your tween thinks that theyll remember everything from middle school forever, but that isnt the case. Encourage your kid to take photos of the school, friends, and even teachers. Have them go through their locker and binders for notes, handouts, or other items that would be fun to keep for later. If your tween is creative, they can combine photos and other items into a fun scrapbook to enjoy for years to come. If your family budget allows, purchase a yearbook so your child can have friends sign it to keep as a forever reminder. Thank Their Teachers Chances are your child had a few teachers during the middle school years that they liked and who had a positive impact. As the end of the year approaches, nows the time to thank them for all they did. Your kid can write personal thank you notes for their special teachers, or just leave a simple Thank You on the teachers whiteboard as a surprise. If your child wants to do something special, they could bake brownies or pick out a special gift to show their gratitude. Make a List of Top Memories When your tween is older, they will have fun looking back on the middle school experience. Encourage your child to make lists of events, friends, teachers, classes, inside jokes, and special moments. They could even get friends involved by asking them for a list of favorite experiences. Tuck the lists away in their yearbook to enjoy reading later.à Visit Your New High School When middle school days are numbered, high school is just around the corner. See if your kid can visit the new school or attend a school orientation. Exploring a new campus will help your tween get excited about entering high school and it might even give them ideas about which activities to join or try. Also, encourage your kid to visit the high school website to learn more about classes, clubs, and other school events. Plan a Graduation Party If youre up for it, throw a party! Allow your tween to have a gathering of friends to bid farewell to middle school and say hello to high school. You could invite a few close friends, or make it a large shindig. Either way, food, music and a slideshow of pictures highlighting the previous years best moments will help the children appreciate the past and prepare for the future. alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-9139701101754657292019-12-30T22:58:00.001-08:002019-12-30T22:58:04.201-08:00Climate Change And Global Warming Essay - 1659 Words Climate Change: A New Subject in School? Carmela Roque US Government period 3 Mr. Wootten Mercy High School Burlingame September 29, 2016 The Earth has always been undergoing climate change. Extreme weather, natural disasters, and global warming are a few examples of current climate changes. To help prevent this, the Climate Change Education act was introduced by Ed Markey, a democrat from Massachusetts. The main goal of this act was to educate the citizens about the causes of climate change, solutions to it, and small adjustments in their own lives to help prevent it. While there are people who totally support this, there are others who do not. The Climate Change Education act can be seen as helpful because it can protect the Earth and its inhabitants, yet it can be unnecessary because it will not contribute to our society. People believe that this law should be passed for a few different reasons. The first being that it will help prevent global warming. Global warming is the heating of the Earthââ¬â¢s atmosphere which can be very harmful to the environment and the inhabitants. One way the Earth is put at risk due to global warming is the effect of the rise in sea levels. In the last century, the sea level rose about seventeen centimeters (Shaftel, 2016). This rise of sea levels, caused by the melting of polar ice caps due to the extra heat, can cause stronger storms, additional rainfall, and flooding. As people learn more about theseShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words à |à 4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earthââ¬â¢s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earthââ¬â¢s temperature has cau sed some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words à |à 4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earthââ¬â¢s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words à |à 6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. Itââ¬â¢s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words à |à 5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms ââ¬Å"global warmingâ⬠, ââ¬Å"climate changeâ⬠or ââ¬Å"greenhouse effectâ⬠have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the publicââ¬â¢s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words à |à 5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words à |à 5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words à |à 5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. Itââ¬â¢s the worldââ¬â¢s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words à |à 6 Pagesphenomenon, known as ââ¬Å"smogâ⬠became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Goreââ¬â¢s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words à |à 4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words à |à 7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere and alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-72732530854920301052019-12-22T18:46:00.001-08:002019-12-22T18:46:02.841-08:00Do Teens Need Sleep - 1450 Words Teens Need Sleep ââ¬Å"For better teen health, push the snooze button on school start timesâ⬠(Ornes). There are many risks connected to starting school too early that go from health risks to far more things. Even though changing school start times may be costly schools should start later because moving back start times would increase academic performance, lessen health problems , and reduce safety risks. The average start time of schools is 8:03 A.M (Wheaton, Ferro, and Croft 810). 8:03 is way too early for teens to get up and start trying to focus and learn and do it effectively. Students are recommended to receive 8.5 to 9 hours of sleep a night. With schools starting so early teens are not able to get the amount of sleep needed to take in as much knowledge as they could if schools started later. The main reason teensââ¬â¢ brains arenââ¬â¢t ready to operate at this early time is because the part of your brain called the circadian clock is disrupted by thrown off sleep schedules (Ornes). By this internal clock being thrown off students wonââ¬â¢t operate to their full potential and this is why school start times must be pushed back. Boys and girls go to bed at 10:30 on average (Paksarian et al). With teenagers going to sleep on average at this time there is no way they are able to get the amount of sleep they need to function properly. 8:30 or after are when scho ols are recommended to start for proper teen sleep (Boergers). By schools pushing back their start times isShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Teens On Children s Life Essay951 Words à |à 4 Pages Teens need to sleep more than bear who need to hibernate during winter for their own health. Teens need to sleep about 8 to 10 hours of sleep to function best and most teens do not get enough sleep study found that only 15 % do not sleep during school night. Teens natural sleep cycle puts them in conflict with school start times and most high school students need an alarm clock or a parent to wake them on school days. Teen are like zombies when they are getting ready for school and some teen findRead More Sleepless and Irritable956 Words à |à 4 PagesMany studies have been done on how many hours of sleep teens need and how lack of sleep can affect their lives. Sleep has an impact on teens and their concentration, their mood and the way they function doing things in day to day living. Studies show that teens should sleep 8 to 10 hours a night however; many are not getting the recommended amount of sleep to help them (The Science Of Sleep. 60 Minutes. Narr. Lesley Stahl. Prod. Sha ri Finkelstein. CBS. 16 Mar 2008). A lot of teenagers stay upRead MoreSchool Should Start Later With The Lack Of Sleep1324 Words à |à 6 Pagesstart later in the morning. Do teens know how many problems can come with the lack of sleep? with sleep deprivation comes many long term effects on people s mental and physical health.lacking sleep is a cause of depression, obesity ,and makes it hard to function in school. School shouldnââ¬â¢t start as early as it does.because, it s unhealthy and lowers academic scores. Lack of sleep puts teens at risk for mental and physical issues.Less amounts of sleep put teens at a higher risk for depressionRead MoreThe Effects Of Lack Of Sleep Deprivation On Children1315 Words à |à 6 Pagesstart later in the morning. Do teens know how many problems can come with the lack of sleep? with sleep deprivation comes many long term effects on people s mental and physical health.lacking sleep is a cause of depression, obesity ,and makes it hard to function in school. School shouldnââ¬â¢t start as early as it does.because, it s unhealthy and lowers academic scores. Lack of sleep puts teens at risk for mental and physical issues.Less amounts of sleep put teens at a higher risk for depressionRead MoreAdolescent Sleep Deprivation: Causes, Effects, and Prevention1438 Words à |à 6 PagesAdolescent Sleep Deprivation: Causes, Effects, and Prevention Adolescent sleep deprivation is a common problem in todayââ¬â¢s society, and it is also a very dangerous one. There have been numerous studies done to determine the causes of sleep deprivation in teenagers, the most prevalent being teens not getting enough sleep due to things like jobs and early school start times. There are many perceived dangers of this, such as sleepiness while driving and a risk for hypertension. There are a few waysRead MoreShould School Day Start Later? Essay1395 Words à |à 6 PagesEven though that schools are starting too early and students aren t getting enough sleep. Schools should start later because teens can get more sleep and teens can get their work on time., That schools should start later so students can learn better. because Teens are falling asleep in class because they are getting to school early. and Schools are starting too early and should start later. Students need more sleep in the morning so that when they get to school they can listen more to the teachersRead MoreTeen Texting1524 Words à |à 7 PagesTexting and Teens in the Media So the news is we have indefinitely entered a new zone of communication in the twenty-first century. ââ¬Å"They do it at night when their parents are asleep. They do it in restaurants and while crossing the streets. They do it in the classroom with their hands behind their back. They do it so much their thumbs hurt.â⬠(Hafner) Texting and teens has become a cause for concern. The stereotype of young chatty teens spending hours on the phone has faded. The interactionsRead MoreSummary : Investigative Journalism Essay952 Words à |à 4 PagesSavannah Hamman Ms. Falbo Investigative Journalism 21 October 2016 Sleep and Students She woke up and stretched the stiffness from her limbs as she glanced at the clock, squinting through the blur of her tired eyes. 6:30 am, it read back to her, she sighed as she inched her way out of bed, not wanting to reach the edge and just stay in the warmth of her cozy sheets all day. When she finally stumbled into school, the students all around her were exactly the same. They walked the halls onlyRead MoreSleep Deprivation In Adolescents. Sleep Is Very Important.1741 Words à |à 7 PagesSleep Deprivation in Adolescents Sleep is very important. Many people have probably heard this many times, but often they do not realize how important it really is, especially for adolescents. A scary statistic from the National Sleep Foundation states that driving as a sleep deprived individual is equivalent to driving with a BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) of around 0.08%. Additionally, annually more than 100,000 accidents happen because of sleep deprived drivers(ââ¬Å"Teens and Sleepâ⬠, p.1). Some peopleRead MoreSleeping Habits1419 Words à |à 6 Pagesamount of sleep every night is a must if you want your body to function at its highest performance throughout the day. Over half the population in America has admitted to not getting enough sleep. Bad sleep habits can really have a negative affect on teens. There are some tips that a teen can follow to help change those habits to get a better night sleep. Hopefully after reading this paper you will be more informed on how to get a good night sleep. One of the most common tendencies that teens have is alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-76694657893437322552019-12-14T15:16:00.001-08:002019-12-14T15:16:03.541-08:00Hammurabi Reaction Free Essays Todayââ¬â¢s laws are not as harsh as Hammurabiââ¬â¢s. They are more civilized. For example, none of todayââ¬â¢s laws include amputating other peopleââ¬â¢s body parts. We will write a custom essay sample on Hammurabi Reaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hammurabi thought it was necessary to amputate arms, breasts, digits, etc. I believe our laws are better, overall because they do not incorporate corporal punishment. I think Hammurabiââ¬â¢s Code of Law was an excellent deterrent against crime, and very few people would try to break the law. I think this is due to how harsh the laws were. There was zero tolerance. For example, the sixth law says, ââ¬Å"If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. â⬠Also, because of the severity of some punishments (dismemberment, whippings, drowning, etc. ), I do not think people would want to test Hammurabi. I do not think Babylon was a safer society than the society that we currently live in. There should be no need for the extreme laws I learned about if people behaved. I also think that these laws would cause many deaths. I think many members of the Babylon civilization were killed, sometimes unnecessarily. ââ¬Å"If any one ensnare another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death. â⬠This law would put people to death if they made a false accusationââ¬âin my opinion, this is too extreme and living under the Hammurabi laws would be like living under a dictatorship. How to cite Hammurabi Reaction, Essay examples alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-12555800156981265422019-12-06T11:40:00.001-08:002019-12-06T11:40:06.397-08:00Business Project Management SWOT Direction Question: Describe about the Business Project Management for SWOT Direction. Answer: Business Management Plan (BMP) The major perspective of the company is mainly related to the completion of the customers expectation and to establish trust among the common people. The business management plan is mainly specified to achieve the most remarkable success in the possible way. To achieve the target, a specific strategy is also adopted in the proper direction. The business management plan will also help in framing suitable assistance in the proper direction. The short and long term corporate strategies are also planned simultaneously that will be assist in developing the most specific aspects (Entrepreneur Media, 2015). In short, it can be identified that the business management plan will be helpful in defining the sequential blueprint for the project and try to generate suitable output as well. The business management plan shown below mainly covers various sections related to the human resource, administration related to the pop up electronics, suitable role of management and the specific SWOT analysis in a correct direction (LTD, 2016). Human Resources The human resource is the most coordinated and required section identified for any organization. As this industry is an electronics industry, so a suitable processing of the human resources section needs to be identified on a wide level. The company is a pioneer in selling the electronic products in a broad manner, so it is essential to create strong hold on the HR section of the company with the help of which, generation of the suitable results can be identified. The human resource is considered as the wide area specifically for the organization. There are various tasks that are handled by the human resource department of the pop up electronics. The phase from a selection and recruitment of candidates to decide their maximum and minimum salary is decided by the human resource department of the pop up electronics. Some of the major tasks performed by the human resource department are defined below with their specific explanation: - The human resource department of pop up electronics is well organized and highly equipped with suitable team members. But, as the organization is trying to expand their outlets in the major cities of Australia, so it is essential that the most remarkable policies should be defined for the process of expansion. The recruitment is also identified as the major responsibility of the human resource department. The selection of the right candidates and recruiting them to the possible places is considered as the most important aspect. The safety at the work place and securing the rights of employees are also considered as the aspect to be considered. Different policies and agendas are identified by the HR team to fulfill the basic amenities of the employees. The relations with the employees and planning of the suitable processing on the behalf of the employee is considered as the most important aspect of the management. To maintain the relations, coordinated approach is required for them (Mayhew, 2016). The rewards and performance appreciation are also provided to the employees. This will be helpful in generating the suitable motivation of employee in the correct direction. The training and development are the aspects in which most suitable services are provided to the employees. The different types of training programs are defined for the employees of pop up electronics. The induction program is also defined for the employees too. By the help of this, management can able to play the specific role in the growth and improvement of the country. Role of Management To achieve the suitable vision and target of the company (i.e. Pop up electronics), the management will be help in providing suitable output. The management not only supports to provide the suitable results, but by this, some of the innovative techniques may also get introduced. The diagrammatic approach for the different domains of the management are defined below. With the help of these domains, the management can able to perform in right way. The interactive approaches and coordinated expansion are identified as the most promising approach of the management. For this, the management holds the collaborative approaches also. The above defined six aspects of the management will be helpful in highlighting the flow of work in different directions and also helps in fulfilling the basic requirements of the organization on priority.. Apart from this, the effective and efficient planning is also done by the management, which is helpful in further promoting the different areas related to the human resources in all respects. The management also tries to provide the suitable organization structure which is helpful in defining the suitable opportunities, trends, technological advancements and competitive criteria in the broad manner. The management also tries to fulfill the aspects related to the organizational growth and loss too. By the help of this, the suitable planning for the future perspectives can be done. The sequential steps and the allotment of the different departments can be initialized by the management only. The management is responsible for coordinating equal opportunities for the employees too. Other than this, there are various decisions and organizational supports provided by the management Administration The administration is considered as the supportive element for the Human resource aspects of an organization. The pop up electronics are observed in the developing phase, so it is essential that the administrative policies are expanded in a proper manner. The administration section is identified in the five basic forms which are defined with the help of suitable digram defined below: - By considering the diagram shown above, it is clearly assumed that the major sections of the organization (i.e. Pop up electronics) are handled by the administration. Other than this, the administration department can also able to achieve the target in a progressive manner. They provide the promotion offers and suitable deals to the clients. The preparation of the suitable marketing scenario for the launch of new products related to the pop up electronics are also prepared with the help of appropriate administration. There is a requirement of an improved and well-focused administrative system which can able to generate growth aspects of the present scenario and also defines the strategy for the future development (Mishra, 2014). The administrative department of the Pop electronics is also well equipped with the resources, but there is a requirement of smooth coordination. This can only be achieved by the proper and approachable strategy. The good qualities and equilibrium aspects of the managers are also considered vital. The managers also possess their unique approach in defining different perspectives of organization too. This will be helpful in supporting the process administration thoroughly and deeply. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis is considered as the most advanced and approachable method to manage the different perspectives of the company. With the help of the SWOT analysis, the basic strength, weakness, opportunities and threats are being found out on an initial level. Strength The location of the organization and the strong share value is considered as the most precise strength. Due to the individual liabilities, the marketing image of the country will become stronger and strengthened. The employees working dedication are identified as the most stable aspect for the growth of the organization (Team, 2012). Weakness The initial perspectives of the investment are not well defined. The investment is about 8% of the investors and 60% of the debtors bank. The financial aspects of the company are not well focused. The monitoring and controlling is essential for the management. The Pop up electronics seems weaker in establishing their social identity and communications. Opportunity As the company is dealing with the electronics part, so it could become possible to perform maximum expansion in different domains. The manufacturing and production units are increasing with a fast speed which are helpful in providing the suitable support to the market image of the organization. The innovative marketing techniques adopted by the Organization will be helpful in defining the trade policies on an international level. Apart from this, various changes are also observed, which are related to the contract manufacturing. Threat The most common threat is due to the competitors in the market. The major competitors are the Horvay Norman, Dick Smith and may others. The other threat is related to the formation of similar products in the market. Various organizations are trying to make the same products with less price (Mahasagar Publications, 2013). The other small threats are also observed, which are responsible for various issues in the organization. By observing the report above, it is clear that the Human resource department holds stronger and manageable identity to maintain the business while performing suitable expansion. References Entrepreneur Media, I., 2015. First Steps: Writing the Management Section of Your Business Plan, Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/241072 LTD, M. P. S. P., 2016. V3M: Automatic Pop Up Power Outlet. [Online] Available at: https://modernpowersolutions.com.au/online-store/popup-powerpoint-australia-electrical-outlet-v3-motorised/ Mahasagar Publications, 2013. SWOT Analysis of Consumer Electronics Market, Available at: https://mbaprojectreportindia.blogspot.in/2013/05/swot-analysis-of-consumer-electronics.html Mayhew, R., 2016. Six Main Functions of a Human Resource Department, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/six-main-functions-human-resource-department-60693.html Mishra, P., 2014. Effective Role Of Administration In An Organization, Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140714095925-34031211-effective-role-of-administration-in-an-organization Team, P. E., 2012. SWOT analysis of Indian electronics industry, Available at: https://policy.electronicsb2b.com/industry/swot-analysis-of-indian-electronics-industry/ alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-57506600866299999912019-11-29T02:31:00.001-08:002019-11-29T02:31:03.415-08:00Website implementation in a printing company Website development for any growing company is of benefit especially due to the rapid globalization of companies. Most companies despite their size and location are fighting hard to reach the top in terms of providing their products and services to the whole world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Website implementation in a printing company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research done on most companies show that most companies have developed websites so as to be able to reach as many customers as possible. This is the case because of the high competition from companies dealing in related products or services and the need to globalise their company. Statistics show that there are an approximate 1.8 trillion internet users it the world as at December 2009. Asia was rated the highest continent in internet usage with 764 million users while china was rated the country with the largest population of interne t users. This data indicates that over fifty percent of the worldââ¬â¢s population has access to the internet. This means that any advertisement on the internet will reach a larger population as compared to regional or location advertisement using other ways such as newspapers or sales promotions. Websites are used by many companies as a means of communication as well as for the purpose of marketing and selling of services offered. A printing company is no exception since its services are demanded in almost all parts of the world. Implementation of a website in a printing company would definitely lead to increased sales of the company at the same time satisfying the customers (ââ¬Å"World internet usersâ⬠, 2010, p. 1). This is a recent development in the printing industry since it has been before thought to be a minute industry and available in almost every location. The idea of globalising such an industry through website development is beneficial because of the many advan tages related to website marketing. Some of these benefits have been reported to be satisfaction to the customers by adding value to the products or services offered. The website gives a site where the customers can be served at any time and day even if the printing shop is closed; they also get instant feedback without having to travel hence saving much of their time. The customers are able to view free tips and guidelines concerning the services they require. Websites have also been known to market companies, potential companies despite their location will be able to view the company through internet access (Duermyer, 2010, p. 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This reduces the cost of training sales personnel to advertise the companyââ¬â¢s products or services and in turn saving the company lots of cash. The cost of printing pamphlets to be distributed to cus tomers or advertising in newspapers, billboards, magazines will also be saved since marketing will be online. The printing company will have an automated system where the customers make their orders, receive services and pay for them electronically. Websites provide a simplified chain to be followed when purchasing or requesting for a service hence creating a room to attract as many customers as possible. All these benefits channel to increased sales of the company at the same time expanding it to operate globally. Apart from increasing sales, websites would show any recent changes and developments of the company to their customers, for example in cases of change of location or development of new products or services (Berry, 2010, p. 4). Reference List Berry, T. (2010). Print shop website business plan. Web. Duermyer, R. (2010). Internet Marketing. Web. Internet usage statistics. (2010). World internet users and population stats. Web. This research paper on Website implementation in a printing company was written and submitted by user Catseye to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-84144025574583860112019-11-25T10:05:00.001-08:002019-11-25T10:05:02.727-08:00Garcia Lorca essaysGarcia Lorca essays Yo me cortar la mano derecha Tengo un guante de mercurio y otro de seda No solloces. Silencio, que no nos sientan. Asà es como este poeta y dramaturgo se expresaba al escribir sus poesà as. En esta poesà a en particular habla de la muerte, su tema favorito. Sus principales temas para sus poemas e historias eran el amor, pasion y la muerte violenta. Lorca escribi sus obras de teatro que terminan en un dramtico final irnicamente era el mismo final que el mismo tendrà a. El tambin se inspiraba en su querida Granada, escribiendo con influencia gitana. Pese que Lorca no estaba interesado en la polà tica muchos asà lo pensaban principalmente los nacionalistas. Asà es como la vida de este ilustre poeta termin en una trajedia, và ctima de la Guerra Civil Espa Federà co Garcia Lorca naci un cinco de Junio del as ricas familias de su pueblo. Su infancia la vivi hasta los 10 an estudi mà ºsica y actividades para preparar su sentido rà tmico. En el Instituto de la ciudad, complet el Bachillerato al mismo tiempo que se dedica intensamente a sus estudios de mà ºsica. Llegando a su adolescencia empez a escribir poemas que luego los recitarà a en Cafs locales. Luego de estudiar en Madrid, viaja por los Estados Unidos, en donde estudia y da conferencias en al Universidad de Columbia en Nue... alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-76052259980184677902019-11-21T17:29:00.001-08:002019-11-21T17:29:03.304-08:00Start your own small business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsStart your own small business - Assignment Example reasons due to which individuals start their own business is that they want to operate independently and want to become the boss instead of being bossed around. These individuals do not prefer taking instructions from others. They believe that they are quite creative and can perform better by starting their own business. A research was conducted by Lange in order to identify the factors due to which individuals choose to be self-employed instead of working for another organization (Lange, 2012). Lange identified that autonomy and independence were the main factors that were motivating these individuals to be self-employed. Another reason due to which individuals choose to start their own business is that the concept of job security is fading away. Brenner reports that fresh graduates have started perceiving that being an entrepreneur provides them with the feeling of job security (Brenner, 1991). This means that the previously held belief that an individualââ¬â¢s job is much secur e when they are employed is fading away and now individuals believe that self-employment results in job security. Brenner, O., Pringle, C., & Greenhaus, J. (1991). Perceived fulfillment of organizational employment versus entrepreneurship: Work values and career intentions of business college graduates. Journal Of Small Business Management, 29(3), alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-42625821515987499292019-11-20T15:54:00.001-08:002019-11-20T15:54:05.909-08:00Why is bureaucracys relationship to democracy so conflicted EssayWhy is bureaucracys relationship to democracy so conflicted - Essay Example Bureaucracy and democracy are independent in their application to governance but are closely interconnected in a distinctive way. They operate alongside each other but in different directions, with democracy being associated with values such as equality, involvement and independence while bureaucracy supports hierarchy, division of labour and objectivity. This paper discusses why bureaucracyââ¬â¢s relationship to democracy is conflicted. Managerial excellence and participation in governance are significant backgrounds of public perception with regards to bureaucracy and democracy. The peopleââ¬â¢s view of the accomplishments of the public sector influences their democratic ideals for instance confidence in government and its agencies as well as their effective participation in public affairs. Managerial excellence is influenced by human resource characteristics and is interpreted differently by stakeholders among them the public who are the major clients of the government. Bureaucracy is focused on attaining managerial excellence in the public domain to enhance the accomplishments of democratically elected governments (DuGay, 2000). In this view, the two concepts have a strong interplay because the power to elect governments is vested in the people while on the other hand the elected government needs to establish an efficient bureaucratic system to offer services to the public. It requires effective and competent decisions and leadership qualities for the goals of a bureaucratic system to be realised. This includes maintaining high quality workforce established through meritocracy and professionalism. Managers in the bureaucratic system must promote the ideals of the elected government that represents the people. The public expects transparency and accountability in government that is reflected by its employees. Employees are also expected to maintain innovativeness and creativity to effectively solve problems affecting the alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-63076843887613465932019-11-18T14:10:00.001-08:002019-11-18T14:10:03.554-08:00To What Extent Was the Effectiveness of Transition Strategies EssayTo What Extent Was the Effectiveness of Transition Strategies Dependent on the Initial Conditions of the Transition Economies - Essay Example The changing economic landscape in the last century has brought with it considerable political and social change. In terms of theoretical and scholarly research some of the most prominent considerations have been in terms of the shift between developing, emerging, and first worlds. Within this context of understanding one recognizes that a central area of concern has been transition economies. Transition economies are those where a nation is shifting from a centrally planned economy to a free market. Within the modern world environment this has become a highly complex notion as nations such as China have seemingly transcended traditional bounds of the centrally planned economy and combined state-sponsored industries with aspects of the free market. Still, to a large degree the traditional structural boundaries of the transition economy still hold. This essay considers the extent that the effectiveness of transition strategies is dependent on the initial conditions of the transition e conomies. Russia While the subject of transition economy strategies is complex and multi-varied, one of the central understandings is that there has been considerable difference regarding success among these transition countries. One recognizes that while there may be no objective or prescriptive approach to successful transition, one of the most thematic elements has been that the most successful transition economies have been linked to the success of the initial conditions of the transition economy. This is a complex notion that demands deconstruction. One of the major considerations in these regards has been the Russian transition approach. While theorists disagree as to the original state of the Russian centrally controlled government, to a great degree the original conditions were stark. Following the Cold War with the United States and Western powers, Russian experienced a state of considerable economic decline. To a great degree it seems that many of the earlier challenges carried over to the post transition period. As one might expect countless literature has been written on Russiaââ¬â¢s transition, still there are a number of notable considerations. Roland (2004) links one of the primary challenges to the lack of structure in Russiaââ¬â¢s original socialist system. While one would consider that a centrally controlled system would have stringent controls, it appears that to a degree this didnââ¬â¢t occur in Russiaââ¬â¢s socialist practice. It is noted that the government had only centrally planned for approximately 100 goods, when in reality there was over 12 million that needed to be accounted for (Roland 2004). The cumulative effect particularly in Russia, but also in many other socialist economies, was that there emerged a market where quality products were not a concern, because the market consistently had shortages. This structure extended to workers as the sellerââ¬â¢s market ensured they were always well employed. When the transition period arose t hese issues came to the forefront, as entrenched enterprises and workers viewed the changes as a threat. Crime and Corruption One of the major problems that arose in transition economies, particularly in Russia, was organized crime. While the emergence of these crime institutions surely had a complex array of reasons, it seems fairly plausible that the dissonance created in the transition between the earlier sellerââ¬â¢s market period and the later free market may have contributed to a higher propensity of individuals willing to participate in such activity. These occurrences attest to a level of carry over from dysfunctions in the pre-free market economy that would indicate that the original state of the economy has a direct impact on transition strategies. Boerner & Hainz (2009) support the notion that inefficient pre-liberalization economic states directly contribute to later era corruption practices. Specifically, ââ¬Å" alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-78751988714138547492019-11-16T02:43:00.001-08:002019-11-16T02:43:08.141-08:00The Blue Ocean StrategyThe Blue Ocean Strategy Indian bus service industry was extremely unorganized till recently before redBus emerged and took the industry by its neck and brought a sort of revolution never imagined for such an unorganized industry. This was primarily because the information flow and availability in this industry was very difficult and there was a lot of mismatch. The bus ticket industry was highly fragmented with small players active regionally. All these were small small agents competing against each other. Due to lack of any major player there was not much competition for redBus and hence it was able to create a marketspace for itself through entering the bus ticket industry online. By the time redBus entered the horizon there were settled names both in airline and railway ticket booking industry who were operating online. But even for them it was a huge task to enter bus ticketing industry due to the sheer complexity present in the industry and emulating the online model for bus ticketing industry was perc eived to be almost impossible even by these major players in e-commerce. This study deals with how a disruptive model can change the scenario of the complete industry. redBus which at the time of its inception was confined in a small flat of 2 rooms is now a 400 million company with over 400 employees and offices across India. Currently it is the only major player concentrating completely on bus ticketing industry with a market share of over 70%. In this research, I have tried to analyze the bus ticketing industry and how redBus identified the opportunities present in this segment and created a value chain which not only gave them a distinct product but also at competitive cost. It is a perfect example of Blue Ocean strategy where entry of redBus changed the entire landscape of the industry. It revolutionized the way the people buy bus tickets in India. One of the unique bus ticketing system of its kind in the entire world, competitors have leaped in this market but none has receive d success like redBus. This study further covers how redBus has sustained its competitive advantages and what are the challenges and growth opportunities going forward. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION: Blue Ocean Strategy As the authors of the book Blue Ocean Strategy, W. Kim Chan and Renee Mauborgne say: Although the term blue ocean is new, their existence is not. They have been a part of business transformation in past as well as in present. If we look back in the past say a century ago, How many of todays industries were then known? The answer will be majority of todays industries were unknown in their current form. Many industries such as automobiles, aviation, health care, and management consulting were unknown or were just beginning to emerge. Now lets look at the industries 3 decades back. Again, multibillion-dollar industries like mutual funds, computers, mobile phones, smart phones, gas based power plants, discount retail, biotechnology, nanotechnology, express parcel delivery, coffee bars, video games, home videos, and CD player and many other such industries were all non-existent in a practical or popular way. Similarly, lets turn the clock forward a bit and try to look into the future. Lets say after 30 years or say 50 years how many of the now unknown industries will emerge and will exist. If history is any indicator of things to come in future, the answer is there will be many such industries that we cant even think of right now which will emerge. This is the reality; industries are dynamic. They never remain the same over a long period of time. They change continuously and evolve. The participants, the process, the market and the operations everything changes. Operations improve, markets evolve and grow, and non-customers become customers. History tells us that we have huge potential to change the existing industries and recreate them and not only that it teaches us that we underestimate our capability to create new ones. To have an idea of how dynamic things can get, the 50-year old Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, which was published by the U.S. Census, was substituted by the North America Industry Classification Standard (NAICS) system in 1997. The reason being the number of industry sectors that SIC covered were half the number of sectors that actually existed in 1997. The old SIC system covered only 10 industry sectors. The new NAICS system doubled it to twenty sectors to reflect the emergence of new-age industries. For example earlier the service sector included all that is now fragmented into different specialized industries like IT, healthcare, social assistance, etc. Given that these systems are made to ensure stability, continuity and for keeping standards, such a substitution shows the significance of growth of Blue Ocean industries. Yet the dominant emphasis of strategists has been on competitive strategies also known as red ocean strategies. Part of the explanation for this is that its roots in military strategy heavily influence corporate strategy. Strategy is about fighting different competitors over the same area of land that is constant and not unlimited. Unlike battles though, the history of industry tells us that the universe of market is unlimited and there is a place for everyone; rather, blue oceans have been always in existence. They have continuously been created. To believe and restrict oneself to red ocean is therefore to accept the constraints that are associated with war-limited piece of land and the need to fight and defeat an opponent to succeed-and to reject the unique strength of the business world: the capacity to create new market universe that is uncontested. Blue Ocean v/s Competitive Strategy (Red Ocean) Blue Ocean emphasises the importance of value innovation that can completely negate the competition replacing competitive advantage with value innovation as the firms primary goal thus highlighting the importance of creating demand and exploiting untapped maket rather than risking competition. There is a debate in the academia and research groups as to which strategy is better suited but all evidences are as case studies on different companies which is not enough to define any one of the two strategies as a clear winner. Rather the two strategies co-exist and should co-exist because a firm on the foundation of Blue Ocean strategy may ultimately have to face competition depending on the imitability of the business model and then before they have more value innovation to differentiate themselves and still remain cost competitive, they must also have a competitive strategy to ensure they do not fall behind of competition. Research results of researchers like Andrew Burke Andres van Stel and Roy Thurik suggest that the notion that blue ocean makes competition irrelevant may not be true. When combined, the two provide a more holistic and realistic depiction of economic performance. Thus, in real life the any strategy must be adopted after evaluating the business and market circumstances appropriately as these define the degree of scope for effectiveness of either Blue Ocean or competitive strategy. Furthermore, what emphasis and mix should be given to either form of strategy across short and long-term time horizons is apparent in most innovative companies competing in short term red oceans while significant time and resources are devoted to the long-term goal of developing innovation that creates consumer demand and new markets. Figure 1: Red Ocean v/s Blue Ocean Strategy Source: www.blueoceanstrategy.corporatestrategy.com Blue Ocean and White Space The term white space has been used in business parlance to mean uncharted territory or an underserved market. But as Mark W. Johnson perfectly writes in Seizing the White Space the term is the range of potential activities not defined or addressed by the companys current business model, that is, the opportunities outside its core and beyond its adjacencies that require a different business model to exploit. White space is a subjective valuation: one companys white space may be another companys core. What matters is that it describes activities that lie far outside a firms usual way of working and presents a series of unique and perplexing challenges to that organization. Its an area where, relatively speaking, assumptions are high and knowledge is low, the opposite of conditions in the companys core space. The chance to seize a piece of white space presents a tantalizing opportunity. Success here can bring the transformational growth that so many business leaders seek. Yet understandably, a play for the white space feels risky, and often the numbers dont appear to add up. The market seems too foreign, or core capabilities wont apply. Some executives, having made one unsuccessful foray, just wont risk failing again. Figure 2: White Space Source: Seizing the White Space, Mark W. Johnson Blue Ocean Strategy and Applied Concepts The Strategy Canvas The strategy canvas is the central diagnostic and action framework for building a compelling blue ocean strategy. The horizontal axis captures the range of factors that the industry competes on and invests in, while the vertical axis captures the offering level that buyers receive across these entire key competing factors. There are two purposes that are served here: It captures the current state of play in known market space, which allows users to clearly see the factors that the industry competes on and where the competition currently invests. Then, it propels users to action by reorienting focus from competitors to alternatives and from customers to non-customers of the industry. The value curve is the basic component of the strategy canvas. It is a graphic depiction of a companys relative performance across its industrys factors of competition. A strong value curve has focus, divergence as well as a compelling tagline. Figure 3: The Strategy Canvas Four Action Framework This framework can also be referred to as the Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create Grid. To reconstruct buyer value elements in crafting a new value curve, we use the Four Actions Framework. As shown in the diagram, to break the trade-off between differentiation and low cost and to create a new value curve, the framework poses four key questions to challenge an industrys strategic logic and business model. Which of the factors that the industry takes for granted should be eliminated? Which factors should be reduced well below the industrys standard? Which factors should be raised well above the industrys standard? Which factors should be created that the industry has never offered? Figure 4: Four Actions Framework By pursuing the first two questions managers gain insight into how to drop their cost structure vis-à -vis competitors. Rarely do they systematically set out to eliminate and reduce their investments in factors that an industry competes on. The result is mounting cost structures and complex business models. The other questions provide insights into how to lift buyer value and create new demand. Collectively, they allow exploring how to reconstruct buyer value elements across alternative industries to offer buyers an entirely new experience, while simultaneously keeping your cost structure low. Eliminating and creating are vital as they push companies to go beyond value maximization exercises with existing factors of competition. They prompt companies to change the factors themselves, hence making the existing rules of competition irrelevant. Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) The PDCA Cycle is a checklist of the four stages, which one must go through to get from `problem-faced to `problem solved. This concept was developed by Walter Shewhart, the pioneering statistician who developed statistical process control in the Bell Laboratories in the US during the 1930s. It was taken up and promoted very effectively from the 1950s on by the famous Quality Management authority, W. Edwards Deming. Consequently, PDCA cycle is also commonly known as `the Shewhart Cycle and the Deming wheel. This cycle diagram can be applied in team meetings to take stock of what stage improvement initiatives are at, and to choose the appropriate tools to see each stage through to successful completion. Here is what we do in each stage: Plan to improve operations first by finding out what things are going wrong (that is identify the problems faced), and come up with ideas for solving these problems. Do changes designed to solve the problems on a small scale first. This minimizes disruption to routine activity while testing whether the changes will work or not. Check whether the small scale changes are achieving the desired result or not. Also, continuously Check nominated key activities (regardless of any experimentation going on) to know what the quality of the output is at all times to identify any new problems. Act to implement changes on a larger scale if its successful on small scale. Also Act to involve other persons (other departments, suppliers, or customers) affected by the changes and whose cooperation is needed to implement them on a larger scale. If the experiment was not successful, skip the Act stage and go back to the Plan stage to come up with some new ideas for solving the problem and go through the cycle again. Plan-Do-Check-Act describes the overall stages of improvement activity, but how is each stage carried out? This is where other specific quality management, or continuous improvement, tools and techniques come into play. The diagram below lists the tools and techniques that can be used to complete each stage of the PDCA Cycle. Figure 5: PDCA Cycle VRIO Framework VRIO is an acronym for Value, Rarity, Imitability and Organization. This is also a 4 questions framework where one asks about a resource or capability to ascertain its competitive potential: the question of Value, the question of Rarity, the question of Imitability (Ease/Difficulty to Imitate), and the question of Organization (ability to exploit the resource or capability). The Question of Value: Is the firm able to exploit an opportunity or neutralize an external threat with the resource/capability? The Question of Rarity: Is control of the resource/capability in the hands of a relative few? The Question of Imitability: Is it difficult to imitate, and will there be significant cost disadvantage to a firm trying to obtain, develop, or duplicate the resource/capability? The Question of Organization: Is the firm organized, ready, and able to exploit the resource/capability? The VRIO framework, in a wider scope, is part of a much larger strategic scheme of a firm. The basic strategic process that any firm goes through begins with a vision statement, and continues on through objectives, internal external analysis, strategic choices (both business-level and corporate-level), and strategic implementation. The firm will hope that this process results in a competitive advantage in the marketplace they operate in. VRIO falls into the internal analysis step of these procedures, but is used as a framework in evaluating just about all resources and capabilities of a firm, regardless of what phase of the strategic model it falls under. CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1: Blue Ocean Strategy versus Competitive Strategy: Theory and Evidence. Burke, Andrew, Andrà © van Stel, and Roy Thurik. ERIM Report Series Research in Management (May 2009) Theme: Empirical analysis of blue ocean strategy versus competitive strategies based on data assembled from 655 retail shops through 41 shop types in the retail industry in Holland. Summary: This paper addresses the debate surrounding Red Ocean (competitive strategy) v/s Blue Ocean (New Market) strategy. The authors note that Blue Ocean seeks to emphasise the importance of value innovation that can completely negate the competition replacing competitive advantage with value innovation as the firms primary goal thus highlighting the importance of creating demand and exploiting untapped maket rather than risking competition. This results in increased profitability in the industry. There is a debate in the academia and research groups as to which strategy is better suited but all evidences are as case studies on different companies which is not enough to define any one of the two strategies as a clear winner. Rather the two strategies co-exist and should co-exist because a firm on the foundation of Blue Ocean strategy may ultimately have to face competition depending on the imitability of the business model and then before they have more value innovation to differentiate themselves and still remain cost competitive, they must also have a competitive strategy to ensure they do not fall behind of competition. Research results in this paper suggest that the notion that blue ocean makes competition irrelevant may not be true. To test the superiority of either tools the authors looks at the two strategies from both long term and short term perspectives and outline a theoretical model which suggests that every market will experience new vendors arriving to share the profits that are there on the offering in the industry. Thus the composition of the pie chart of market share will continuously exhibit different set of players with some fading off while others entering the market but only until the saturation point is reached where everyone will break even. Looking at the industry an its players over a period of time in this manner will give us an understanding about whether the new market strategy or the competitive strategy is more viable for the industry. If companies succeed over a long period of time by creating value innovation (new market strategy) as the new companies entered, both the i ndustry profits as well as the firms profit will grow steadily and so will the number of vendors in the strategy. On the other hand, if the profitability of the blue ocean firm went down with increasing number of vendors in the industry, it would be an indication of the dominance of the firms that followed competitive strategy over the firms that followed new market (blue ocean) strategy. After studying the complete data from 1982-2000 of 655 retail shops over 41 shop types in the Dutch retail industry and after testing and analyzing the premise the authors concluded for half the shop types, the firm profits were directly proportional to the number of firms while the blue ocean strategy was dominant over a long term with number of vendors and firm profitability rising/falling together over all shop types in the whole period under consideration. The authors also concluded that in short term Red Ocean strategies were at work. The study highlights that the two strategies co-exist and cross each other throughout the industry life and there is no particular choice that any manager prefers. Paper 2: Synthesizing a Blue Ocean. Master Thesis. Vester, Daniel. Aalto University, 2012. Theme: Applicability of New Market strategy frameworks and techniques in the electronic musical instruments industry for innovating new products. Summary: In this paper, the author targets to show how value innovation could be used in case of an electronic musical instrument company to add value to their product and create new market space. To explain this, he choses to compare the traditional strategies like competitive strategy, Porters 5 forces strategy to the blue ocean strategy. Blue ocean strategy is eventually selected for the process of product development of ArturiaMiniBrute, an analogue synthesizer reason being 1) Its attention on constructing new uncontested market space and at the same time targeting lower cost and product differentiation as well; and 2) The ease with which the analytical tools and frameworks in a Blue Ocean strategy could be blended into the product development process and usability of the instrument thus developed. Blue ocean strategy tools such as the Strategy Canvas, Four Action Framework, Buyer Utility Map and Three Tiers of Noncustomers are applied after quantitative analysis of sales figures in the electronic musical instrument industry for identifying Arturias closest competitors in various synthesizer markets and to design the strategy for ArturiaMiniBrute. The authors observations and interpretations show that the Blue Ocean Strategy techniques and frameworks can aid electronic musical instrument firms add value to their instruments/products/offerings and create new market space. Subsequently, the author advocates that companies should shift focus from technical features of the musical instrument to the emotional appeal of the musical instrument, and urges that companies should get out of the traditional mindset, challenge established rules of the industry by eliminating factors that have been ignored and not given due importance but which may be of great value to the customer. Paper 3: The Impact of Blue Ocean Strategy in Low-cost Transport. Ãâ¦Ã tverkovà ¡, Hana, Michal ÃâÃ
âervinka, and Vlasta Humlovà ¡. In 2012 International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Engineering. Belgrade, November 29-30, 2012. Theme: Applicability of blue ocean strategy theory to Ryanair (air transport industry) Summary: This paper illustrates how blue ocean strategy can be vital and have an important influence in the low cost aviation sector. The authors chose to analyze the low-cost air transport industry in the European Union. They report that the market is highly competitive and the regional players fight amongst themselves on the base of cost competitiveness. The authors show that a cordial relationship between regional airports and any carrier firm can enable budget airlines to provide distinguished value for airline passengers at a low cost to the companies. The authors also suggests using the case of Ryanair that infrastructure improvement for non-core activities at the smaller airports might be essential to facilitate such relationships between budget airlines and small regional airports. CHAPTER-3 EXAMPLES OF BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY Air Asia One of the major developments that the airline has experienced has been the evolution of the budget airlines. For instance, emergence of Air Asia in Malaysia is a classic example. Air Asia have avoided the competitive strategy or the red Ocean (competition against Malaysia Airline and other airlines like Tiger Air, Jet Air and other regional airlines) by considering factors that are important to customers but easily taken for granted by most of the other airlines. With the Four Actions Framework proposed by W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, Air Asia have ensured they make Malaysia Airline, Tiger Air, Jet air and regional players irrelevant by implementing many important strategic moves explained below. STRATEGY Eliminate: 1) OTC booking 2) Seating Class booking arrangement 3) Free breakfast/lunch/dinner on the plane Reduce: 1) Number of attendants serving on the plane 2) Luxury facilities delivered 3) Quality of the seats Raise: 1) Increased flight hours for their aircrafts: frequency of flight 2) Selected key endpoints/destinations catered frequently Create: 1) Booking system became online 2) Travel system: point-to-point Through these strategic moves, Air Asia has been able to concentrate on factors that really matter for the customers like better booking channel, point-to-point travel system, etc. that makes customers lives simpler and adds value to them. This is a perfect example of Value Innovation, as not only does this help Air Asia increase the value to the customers but at the same time reduces cost for Air Asia significantly Value Innovation. This also allows Air Asia towards customers who were not traditionally target thus creating a new market space and targeting non-customers in the traditional airline industry. Current Airline Customers: 1) Corporates and business fraternity in Malaysia or ASEAN region. 2) Those individuals who can afford to buy expensive airline tickets from airlines like Malaysia Airline and other regional players. Non-Customers: 1) Officers from the government and other government staff 2) Those individuals who cannot afford to buy expensive tickets such as students or recent graduates or lower middle class and rural people. With effective execution of Blue Ocean strategy, Air Asia has furthered expanded their gamut and has ventured into other businesses like they started Tune Hotel and Tune Money. The model is again towards creating Blue Ocean market space. Crocs Inc. Company Snapshot Crocs Inc. is one of the major players in shoe industry who have been very successful. It designs, fabricates and markets bright-colored, comfy-branded footwear and accessories for all segments men, women and children. Blue Ocean Strategic Move Crocs Inc. with its distinctive lightweight clogs created a blue ocean market space in the shoe industry. These types of shoes gave customers a perfect combination of comfort and fashion at an affordable price point. Crocs shoes have mass appeal because not only are they branded but also in a way they are refreshing, they are different from traditional sandals and casual shoes and add a fun element as well as they come in a wide array of bright colors which provide a funky look. Combined with their new crocodile logo on their shoes it also gives them a bold look. Crocs have been a run-away success also because they provide customer what they never even thought of, they satisfy their customers by adding value to their customers usage by giving features like lightweight, waterproof, ergonomic comfort and anti-microbial and anti-skid. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¨Success Founded in 2002 as a new type of boat shoemaker initially, the company has grown into a global sensation in casual footwear industry with sales across the globe in over 90 countries and reaching 1 billion US dollars in 2011. Figure 6: Crocs Four Actions to create Value Innovation Source: Frontier Strategy, LLC Nintendos Wii The video game business has a huge market and is a multi-billion dollar industry. Video consoles, which form a big portion of this market, were very recently in the past controlled by two major players: PlayStations (PS12 and soon PS3) from Sony and Xbox (Xbox and Xbox360) from Microsoft. Nintendo, however, a distant third player created ripples in the market space with its launch of the Wii. This is an especially interesting case study from a strategy perspective since its a brilliant example of the so-called blue ocean strategy. The graphic below demonstrates Nintendos Wii strategy with the help of the strategy canvas and is quite clear. Figure 7: The Strategy Canvas of Nintendo Wii On giving a closer glance to the above graphic, one will notice that Nintendo is competing on a completely different strategic landscape as the attributes are completely differently focused for Nintendo in comparison with Sony and Microsoft. The Wii is not only affordable for general public, it has no Hard Disk, no DVD, no Dolby 5.1, weak connectivity and comparatively low processor speed, but enthralls the user by its innovative motion control stick. The stick is designed such that it integrates the movements of a player directly into the console of the video game, The user gets an interface where he gets a live feel of himself playing in the screen. With this feature Nintendo not only won the existing customers in the video game world but also brought in a completely new set of customers to the business. We can again think of the Four Actions Framework in all of the above descriptions of features. I will explain here with a couple of those features: Reduction in cost through elimination of some features like Hard Drive, DVD, Dolby 5.1 and low processor speed A raise in demand by creation of motion stick: strong value innovation for new gamers/customers. These 2 features disregard the traditional belief in competitive strategy of either going for cost leadership or product differentiation and not simultaneously for both. In other words, through this example we see that while Sony and Microsoft are fighting in the same old bloody Red Ocean of existent market, Nintendo created a new market space for itself in the form of Wii and is now sailing calmly in this Blue Ocean that it created for itself. CHAPTER-4 BOS: A Case Study on redBus Story of redBus One fine evening an electrical engineer in Bangalore planned to travel to Hyderabad to celebrate Diwali with his family but the answer he got from the agents when he reached at bus stands was that all tickets were sold out and he could inquire about the availability from some other agents. Although the person got frustrated but an appalling question was making rounds in his minds; why werent there other methods to get bus tickets booked rather than moving from one agent to another? He questioned why cant bus tickets be booked online like airlines and railway tickets? The person was Phanindra Sama and his frustration lead way to a revolution in Indian bus industry and redBus was born. Phani discussed the idea with his friends (Sudhakar Pasupunuri and Charan Padmaraju) and they started working on the idea. Initially they decided to develop an IT based inventory system for bus operators but the idea was dismissed by the operators and agents as the task seemed huge to them. Meanwhile they came in contact with the Bangalore chapter of TIE (The Indus Entrepreneurs) which accepted their venture and mentored the team and guided them with various assignments pertaining to market surveys and market research. The TIE mentorship enabled redBus to get venture capitalist interested in them and a VC named Seedfund funded them with $500000. This is how redBus was born on 18th August 2006, Indias first online bus ticketing website, a concept which was in use for airline and railway booking but no one had realized that it could be feasible enough for the bus travel also. Exhibit 1 gives company details. Exhibit 1 The Team Major Milestones Exhibit 2 Company Details Bus Ticket Industry- Overview in India The Indian bus travel industry was highly fragmented with a large number of small operators and agents having very little orientation towards technology. Most of the operators were regional players having small fleets of ten buses where few were long route players having 100 or more fleets of buses. Exhibit 2 gives the details of the industry structure. Long route buses were known as contract carriages and their tickets were to be bought in advance whereas short haul buses known as stage carriers and their tickets were sold in the coach itself. The booking system was agent driven in which each agent had contract with three of four operators and tickets were allocated to them on the basis of quota system by the operators. Each agent used to sell its quota of tickets and all the unsold tickets were informed to the operator before some fixed time of bus departure. No centralized inventory was maintained by either the agents or by operators alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4258128206343024591.post-14786332110666635762019-11-13T15:14:00.001-08:002019-11-13T15:14:03.014-08:00Steroid Use By Athletes Should be Banned :: Argumentative Persuasive Steroids Essaysà à à à à It is amazing what athletes will do to achieve higher levels of performance and to sometimes get the extra edge on the competition. Most of the time people do not realize the long-term effects that result from the decisions they make early in life. This resembles the use of steroids in a personââ¬â¢s life. à à à à à Steroids became an option to athletes in the Olympics and other major sporting events during the 1950ââ¬â¢s. But this use of steroids among athletes only became widely apparent when Canadian sprint runner Ben Johnson tested positive for steroid use after winning the gold medal for the one hundred-meter dash during the 1988 Olympics (Francis, 45). Now a skinny fifteen-year-old can just walk down to the local gym and find people who either sell or know how to get in contact with those who sell the drug that will make him envious of his friends. Steroids are an attractive drug. While steroids seem harmless to the unaware user, they can have a risky effect. Most of the time whether the users are new or experienced, they do not know the dangerous consequences steroids can have on their bodies and their minds. Though steroids cause a relatively insignificant number of deaths in our society, the banning of steroids is justified because steroids have a lot of side effe cts not known to the uninformed user. à à à à à Even though steroids are known as a somewhat dangerous substance, they are legal to have and to consume. There has not been a study that proves such possible side effects are linked to medical problems of steroid users (Rogak, 89). There are those who have pointed out several cases where someone has died and an autopsy has shown that the person was using steroids, but they claim this does not mean that it is a deadly drug as some medical professionals have stated (97). Some advocates of steroids believe that because steroids are legal, and because it is the decision of the user to take the drug, steroids are not causing a problem in society. Alcohol and cigarettes are consumed by millions of people, causing a lot of deteriorating effects on their bodies, but there has never been a ban on these items because of the dangers that they can cause. Why should steroids be different? Some people say that the wide spread use of steroids among athletes is forcing the young athletes to use steroids, even though it is against their standards. alexandraben8http://www.blogger.com/profile/14261198626829417075noreply@blogger.com0